Stories / 8 minThree tested routes into living amphibians
Compare temnospondyl, lepospondyl and stereospondyl-caecilian matrices without turning any sampled topology into a settled ancestor tree.
Each step names its evidence claims, with references below. Interactive Explorer states are available in the full application; the narrative remains an editorial synthesis.
Story sequence
01 · 0 Ma · treeDissorophoids near the living crown
Schoch’s dissorophoid matrix places sampled lissamphibians within Amphibamiformes near Gerobatrachus, while low support and alternative matrices remain visible.
This is a sampled morphology topology, not an observed ancestor or consensus origin.
claim:taxon:lissamphibia:temnospondyl-hypothesis02 · 0 Ma · treeA revised matrix changes the shortest tree
Marjanović and Laurin’s corrected and expanded matrix makes the lepospondyl route shorter under their analyses, but bootstrap support is generally low and other matrices disagree.
Parsimony step difference is analysis-specific and is not translated into probability or consensus.
claim:taxon:lissamphibia:lepospondyl-hypothesis03 · 0 Ma · evidenceCaecilian sampling reverses one proposed route
Chinlestegophis linked caecilians to stereospondyls in one analysis; broader Funcusvermis sampling instead recovered a dissorophoid caecilian stem.
The conflict is retained as two published results rather than resolved editorially.
claim:taxon:lissamphibia:stereospondyl-caecilian-hypothesisReferences
- The putative lissamphibian stem-group: phylogeny and evolution of the dissorophoid temnospondylsSchoch, R.R. · 2019 · DOI 10.1017/jpa.2018.67
- Phylogeny of Paleozoic limbed vertebrates reassessed through revision and expansion of the largest published relevant data matrixMarjanović, D.; Laurin, M. · 2019 · DOI 10.7717/peerj.5565
- Triassic stem caecilian supports dissorophoid origin of living amphibiansKligman, B.T.; Gee, B.M.; Marsh, A.D.; Nesbitt, S.J.; Smith, M.E.; Parker, W.G.; Stocker, M.R. · 2023 · DOI 10.1038/s41586-022-05646-5
- Stem caecilian from the Triassic of Colorado sheds light on the origins of LissamphibiaPardo, J.D.; Small, B.J.; Huttenlocker, A.K. · 2017 · DOI 10.1073/pnas.1706752114