Move from a calibration-sensitive crown model through named fossils and ancient genomes while keeping specimens, functions, topology, model time and COL26.8 naming coverage distinct.
Each step names its evidence claims, with references below. Interactive Explorer states are available in the full application; the narrative remains an editorial synthesis.
The selected clock model places crown Primates at 79.2–70.0 Ma, while another calibration strategy spans 71.4–63.9 Ma. Neither interval is a fossil occurrence.
Clock and fossil priors materially change deep-node ages.
claim:event:primate-crown-clock-modelUCMP 197509, UCMP 197517 and related isolated tarsals preserve arboreal morphology. Their attribution to Purgatorius does not make them crown primates or a global first appearance.
Isolated tarsals, dental attribution and functional inference are three steps.
claim:event:purgatorius-garbani-tarsalsTHR 141 and a small isolated-tooth hypodigm define Altiatlasius, but tooth positions, membership and euprimate placement remain disputed.
The existence of specimens is firmer than their topology.
claim:event:altiatlasius-dental-placement-boundaryAsian, European and North American Teilhardina samples align to the PETM in a rapid appearance sequence, without recording one travelling lineage.
Dental taxonomy and isotope correlation bound the dispersal inference.
claim:event:teilhardina-petm-dispersal-sampleAMNH 143612/143640 preserves a ray-identified foot; digit-two phalanx AMNH 143612-03 supports a grooming-claw comparison, not crown-anthropoid ancestry.
Preserved phalanx geometry is distinct from behaviour and topology.
claim:event:notharctus-grooming-claw-footPMO 214.214 and WDC-MG-210 are opposite slabs of one Darwinius skeleton. Fabricated preparation on part of the counterplate is disclosed and crown placement remains contested.
Exceptional completeness does not remove preparation and topology limits.
claim:event:darwinius-holotype-anatomyEosimias-attributed tali and calcanei preserve a character mosaic used to test stem-anthropoid affinity, but they are isolated from diagnostic teeth.
Matrix placement is not direct skeletal association or crown membership.
claim:event:eosimias-isolated-tarsal-anthropoid-testSGS-UM 2009-002 preserves catarrhine anatomy and is recovered on the stem in one matrix. Its biochronological age does not directly date the ape–Old World monkey split.
Specimen anatomy, matrix topology and crown divergence time stay separate.
claim:event:saadanius-holotype-stem-catarrhineMUZM 60 and MUZM 80 come from different Moroto localities. Shoulder and femoral anatomy constrain a mixed arboreal model, not one skeleton or observed behaviour.
The overlying basalt supplies a minimum-age constraint, not a direct specimen date.
claim:event:morotopithecus-moroto-postcranial-modelD4500 and D2600 form Dmanisi Skull 5 at about 1.8 Ma. It documents one individual and a five-cranium sample, not a final decision that all early Homo names are one lineage.
Taxonomic compression is an interpretation of variation, not part of the skull.
claim:event:dmanisi-skull-five-variationVindija 33.19 yielded a high-coverage Neanderthal genome and a >45.5 ka direct result. The roughly 52 ka age and population histories are branch-shortening and demographic models.
Direct radiocarbon bounds and genomic time estimates are not interchangeable.
claim:event:vindija-3319-neanderthal-genomeUst’-Ishim 1 is directly dated to 46,880–43,210 cal BP and deposited as PRJEB6622. Neanderthal segment length models earlier admixture but not its exact place or number of episodes.
COL26.8 routes 530 accepted species names to this package; that is naming coverage, not 530 fossil or genome dossiers.
claim:event:ust-ishim-genome-admixture-model