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Enaliarctos

LACM 4321 is a virtually complete Enaliarctos mealsi skeleton from the Pyramid Hill Sandstone Member of the Jewett Sand, used for bounded comparisons of axial and limb locomotor capability rather than a direct pinniped-ancestor claim.

Represented range23–23 Ma
Content packagecarnivora
PBDBtxn:36916

Evidence boundary

Automated checks cover structure, identifiers, translations and links only; maintainer and external expert review are not complete.

Claim ledger

fossil-range · medium

The Enaliarctos profile is anchored by the virtually complete Enaliarctos mealsi skeleton LACM 4321 from the Jewett Sand at an explicitly approximate age of 23 Ma; its swimming and terrestrial capabilities are comparative models, not a global genus range or direct pinniped ancestor claim.

claim:taxon:enaliarctos:fossil-range
taxonomy · medium

Berta and Ray describe LACM 4321 as Enaliarctos mealsi and test pinniped relationships from its skeletal anatomy; their sampled topology is not a direct-ancestor assertion or a universal pinniped phylogeny.

claim:taxon:enaliarctos:taxonomy
biogeography · high

The profiled Enaliarctos mealsi skeleton comes from the Pyramid Hill Sandstone Member of the Jewett Sand in central California; this occurrence does not establish a genus-wide Pacific distribution or pinniped dispersal route.

claim:taxon:enaliarctos:biogeography
morphology · high

LACM 4321 preserves a virtually complete skeleton, including lumbar vertebrae and flipper-like limbs with developed bony processes and muscle-attachment areas documented in the anatomical description.

claim:taxon:enaliarctos:morphology
ecology · medium

Comparative axial and limb morphology is used to infer aquatic and terrestrial locomotor capability for LACM 4321, but the study does not directly observe diet, habitual habitat, swimming strokes or a feeding guild.

claim:taxon:enaliarctos:ecology

Known limits

References

  1. Skeletal morphology and locomotor capabilities of the archaic pinniped Enaliarctos mealsiBerta, A.; Ray, C.E. · 1990 · DOI 10.1080/02724634.1990.10011803
  2. Skeleton of the oldest known pinniped, Enaliarctos mealsiBerta, A.; Ray, C.E.; Wyss, A.R. · 1989 · DOI 10.1126/science.244.4900.60
  3. Open Tree of Life web servicesOpenTreeOfLife Project
  4. The Paleobiology Database application programming interfacePeters, S.E.; McClennen, M. · 2016 · DOI 10.1017/pab.2015.39
  5. Denormalized occurrence and taxon tables of the Paleobiology DatabaseThe Paleobiology Database Community; Kocsis, Á.T. · 2026 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21620933
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