The Old World hipparionin review places first dispersal at 11.4–11.0 Ma and the latest regional records around or below 1 Ma; those dates are distinct from the broader North American tribe-level history.
claim:taxon:hipparioniniHipparionini
A persistently tridactyl equine tribe whose Old World radiation comprised multiple genus-rank clades rather than a single broadly defined Hipparion.
Represented range17–0.6 Ma
Content packageperissodactyla
PBDBtxn:65579
Evidence boundary
A review packet exists and the maintainer decision is still in progress; automated checks are not a completed review.
Claim ledger
Hipparionini is treated as a tribe of Equinae; Old World diversity is resolved into multiple genus-rank clades rather than a single broad genus Hipparion.
claim:taxon:hipparionini:taxonomyHipparionini remained tridactyl and many lineages were hypsodont, while body size and foot proportions varied substantially across the radiation.
claim:taxon:hipparionini:morphologyOld World hipparionins ranged from browse-dominated and mixed feeders to grazers, with ecology varying by lineage, body size, region and time.
claim:taxon:hipparionini:ecologyThe represented history distinguishes a North American tribe-level radiation from an Old World dispersal at 11.4–11.0 Ma and later regional Eurasian and African records.
claim:taxon:hipparionini:biogeographyHipparionini retains four distinct displays: a heterogeneous 17–0.6 Ma navigation composite, a 17–2 Ma North American review envelope, an 11.4–11 Ma Old World dispersal window, and a 1–0.6 Ma selected terminal regional window.
claim:taxon:hipparionini:fossil-rangeKnown limits
- A missing branch or fossil occurrence does not imply biological absence. Internal nodes are not calibrated divergence estimates.
References
- The Evolution of Equid Monodactyly: A Review Including a New HypothesisMcHorse, B.K.; Biewener, A.A.; Pierce, S.E. · 2019 · DOI 10.3389/fevo.2019.00119
- Old world hipparion evolution, biogeography, climatology and ecologyBernor, R.L.; Kaya, F.; Kaakinen, A.; Saarinen, J.; Fortelius, M. · 2021 · DOI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103784
- Open Tree of Life web servicesOpenTreeOfLife Project
- The Paleobiology Database application programming interfacePeters, S.E.; McClennen, M. · 2016 · DOI 10.1017/pab.2015.39
- Denormalized occurrence and taxon tables of the Paleobiology DatabaseThe Paleobiology Database Community; Kocsis, Á.T. · 2026 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21620933