数百件材料取代两颗牙的剪影
IRSNB M2095–M2099 记录可复原的恒齿列，距骨 IRSNB M2107–M2108 与跟骨 IRSNB M2109 则记录跗部。
已发表性状矩阵把多马尔犬兽恢复为基干食肉形类；这不证明它属于食肉目冠群、是直接祖先或全球最早食肉形类。
claim:event:dormaalocyon-dental-tarsal-sample横跨食肉类起源、形态与功能的十一个证据档案
沿具名牙齿、头骨、骨架、序列矩阵与数字实验前进，同时不把独立分支改写成祖先阶梯。
每一步标明所依据的主张，引用列于下方。交互探索状态可在完整应用中打开；故事本身仍是编辑综合。
故事步骤
传统“细齿兽类”并不组成两条整齐干群
矩阵为 40 个末端采样 99 个颅骨与牙齿性状；优选树把传统“细齿兽科”和古灵猫科排除在食肉目冠群之外。
该结果否定便捷的猫型—犬型祖先阶梯，但仍是采样形态拓扑，其节点可随评分、类群采样与分析假设改变。
claim:event:miacoidea-character-matrix-topology一件头骨检验犬型类基部
正模 UCMP 85202 提供头骨与齿列，关联副模 SDSNH 107446 和 SDSNH 107447 补充颅后解剖。
基干犬型类位置是分析结果，科级归属仍不确定；食性判别得分是比较模型输出，并非胃内容物或被观察到的狩猎。
claim:event:lycophocyon-holotype-basal-caniform现生序列分开两条冠群分支
串联矩阵为 76 个采样物种纳入 TR-i-I、TBG、IRBP、ND2、CYTB 与 12S rRNA 共 6,243 个碱基对。
这是 2005 年针对现生采样类群的序列拓扑；它既不观察化石解剖，也不固定化石首现、分化年代或 COL26.8 接受名。
claim:event:carnivora-six-gene-living-topology两个得州“细齿兽”物种被重新评分
古斯塔夫森兽正模头骨 TMM 40209-200 经 CT 复原；南方天使熊犬兽由 TMM 41850-1 与归入的颌骨材料代表。
新属与基干犬熊科位置来自修订评分和采样树；它们不定位犬熊类的精确地理起源，也不建立直接祖先关系。
claim:event:texas-basal-amphicyonid-reappraisal数字下颌检验加载情景
正模 B-4071 是完整年轻成年头骨；2026 年分析比较犬齿、p4、m1 的内禀咬合和回拉、甩头外力，网格与脚本存放于 Zenodo。
应力场、相对咬力与行为情景依赖分割、材料属性、肌肉复原、约束和标准化；它们是模型实验，不是被观察到的进食。
claim:event:magericyon-feeding-fea三件牙齿记录检验熊猫亲缘
正模 MNCN-CSIC NV-2-42 为左 P4；NV-2-40 为右 M1，IPS 46473 是保存 c1–m2 并关联 P4 的部分下颌。
大熊猫亚科位置与植食倾向来自性状矩阵和牙齿比较；两者都不证明与大熊猫生态相同，也不证明直接祖先或可靠起源中心。
claim:event:kretzoiarctos-dental-panda-topologyThree southern-California localities delimit the sample
UCMP and SDSNH material is reported from member C of the Santiago Formation in San Diego County; the map shows named study localities rather than a continental range.
The displayed interval is a source-bounded occurrence window, not a global first or last appearance.
claim:taxon:lycophocyon:biogeography · claim:taxon:lycophocyon:fossil-rangeBroad and Paleogene-only matrices answer differently
The 50-taxon analysis leaves nearby relationships unresolved, whereas the Paleogene-only consensus places Lycophocyon on the caniform branch outside crown Canoidea.
Both results are sampled morphology hypotheses; neither is an ancestor ladder.
claim:taxon:lycophocyon:taxonomyA classifier compares 82 living reference species
A six-variable classifier assigned the holotype 83% posterior probability of carnivory, against 46 carnivores, 21 omnivores/hard-object feeders and 15 insectivores in the reference set.
This is a comparative dietary prediction, not a fossil stomach-content record.
claim:taxon:lycophocyon:ecologyTwo Spanish basins anchor three dental records
Nombrevilla 2 supplies the P4 holotype and M1 paratype, while ACM/C6-Camí supplies the partial mandible and associated P4.
These occurrence points do not determine a panda-lineage origin centre or a global genus range.
claim:taxon:kretzoiarctos:biogeography · claim:taxon:kretzoiarctos:fossil-rangeA published ursid tree retains internal uncertainty
The fossil-plus-living matrix recovers Kretzoiarctos within Ailuropodinae, but its majority-rule bootstrap does not resolve internal ailuropodine clades.
The route compares a published morphology result; it is not a direct-ancestor claim or an ecological equivalence with living giant pandas.
claim:taxon:kretzoiarctos:taxonomyA P4, M1 and mandible remain separate observations
Figure 1 documents the left P4 NV-2-42, right M1 NV-2-40 and IPS 46473 partial mandible; the route compares the preserved specimen record before any dietary interpretation.
Dental comparisons can inform a hypothesis, but do not observe feeding or establish giant-panda-equivalent ecology.
claim:taxon:kretzoiarctos:morphology · claim:taxon:kretzoiarctos:ecologyStandardized loads compare models, not fossil behaviour
Finite-element comparisons test canine, p4 and m1 bite positions plus standardized external loading; reported stress and force patterns are simulated under stated constraints.
The zero time range is the 2026 modelling event, not Magericyon's fossil occurrence; muscle reconstruction and loading choices condition the results.
claim:event:magericyon-feeding-fea一件西藏头骨进入联合树
正模 IVPP V18788.1 为成年部分头骨；IVPP V18788.2 是下颌支碎片，IVPP V18788.3 是部分前颌骨。原始磁性地层框架中的地点样本跨 5.95–4.10 Ma。
原始豹属归置、雪豹亲缘和亚洲生物地理情景都是后续工作可修订的分析结论；该样本不是全球豹亚科首现。
claim:event:panthera-blytheae-holotype-total-evidence内耳预测狩猎，而非保存狩猎
36 件标本样本包含菲尔德博物馆的黄昏犬与恐犬头骨，分割左侧骨迷路并用 PCA、CVA 和 MANOVA 比较。
报告的 82.05% 分类率与扑击归类是受现生类别、尺度和系统关系制约的代理模型结果；它们不保存真实狩猎或社会行为。
claim:event:hesperocyon-bony-labyrinth-model湖泊骨架混合陆生与水生性状
正模 NUFV 405 保存一具骨架约 65%，包括头骨、齿列、椎骨及大量前后肢，来自早中新世湖泊沉积。
半水生运动、鳍足形类位置和北极淡水转型分别是形态、拓扑与古环境解释；普伊拉兽没有被证明是鳍足类直接祖先。
claim:event:puijila-holotype-locomotor-mosaic鳍足类干群骨架检验游泳力学
LACM 4321 保存头骨及大部分颅后骨架，使实测肢体比例与关节形态可同现生鳍足类和陆生食肉类比较。
COL26.8 通过食肉目路由 310 个现生接受种名。这是命名覆盖，不是十一个祖先阶段、310 个成熟档案、化石首现或拓扑与时钟模型的一致意见。
claim:event:enaliarctos-skeleton-swimming-model参考文献
- Dental and tarsal anatomy of “Miacis” latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)Solé, F.; Smith, R.; Coillot, T.; De Bast, E.; Smith, T. · 2014 · DOI 10.1080/02724634.2013.793195
- Phylogeny of the Carnivora: basal relationships among the carnivoramorphans, and assessment of the position of “Miacoidea” relative to CarnivoraWesley-Hunt, G.D.; Flynn, J.J. · 2005 · DOI 10.1017/S1477201904001518
- A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivoransTomiya, S. · 2011 · DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024146
- Molecular phylogeny of the Carnivora (Mammalia): assessing the impact of increased sampling on resolving enigmatic relationshipsFlynn, J.J.; Finarelli, J.A.; Zehr, S.; Hsu, J.; Nedbal, M.A. · 2005 · DOI 10.1080/10635150590923326
- Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene “Miacis” from Texas, USA, and the origin of AmphicyonidaeTomiya, S.; Tseng, Z.J. · 2016 · DOI 10.1098/rsos.160518
- A new amphicyonine (Carnivora: Amphicyonidae) from the upper Miocene of Batallones-1, Madrid, SpainPeigné, S.; Salesa, M.J.; Antón, M.; Morales, J. · 2008 · DOI 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00788.x
- Insights into the feeding behavior of Magericyon anceps (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the Late Miocene of Batallones-1 (Madrid, Spain) using finite element analysisDíaz de León-Muñoz, E.M.; Siliceo, G.; Ferreira, G.S. · 2026 · DOI 10.1007/s10914-026-09827-1
- Kretzoiarctos gen. nov., the oldest member of the giant panda cladeAbella, J.; Alba, D.M.; Robles, J.M.; et al. · 2012 · DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0048985
- Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big catsTseng, Z.J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G.J.; et al. · 2014 · DOI 10.1098/rspb.2013.2686
- Carnivoran hunting style and phylogeny reflected in bony labyrinth morphometrySchwab, J.A.; Kriwet, J.; Weber, G.W.; Pfaff, C. · 2019 · DOI 10.1038/s41598-018-37106-4
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- Skeletal morphology and locomotor capabilities of the archaic pinniped Enaliarctos mealsiBerta, A.; Ray, C.E. · 1990 · DOI 10.1080/02724634.1990.10011803