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马科从林地食叶者到草原奔跑者

马类演化是一场分支繁多的实验,并非走向单趾的阶梯。

每一步标明所依据的主张,引用列于下方。交互探索状态可在完整应用中打开;故事本身仍是编辑综合。

故事步骤

01 · 50 Ma · 树

森林中的小型马类

Early horse branches had low-crowned teeth and multiple toes, but later horse evolution forms a branching tree rather than a march toward one toe.

claim:taxon:perissodactyla:morphology
02 · 17 Ma · 证据

食叶策略延续

At Sandelzhausen, tridactyl and low-crowned Anchitherium aurelianense shows browse-dominated mixed feeding rather than a pure-browser stereotype.

claim:taxon:anchitherium
03 · 9 Ma · 地图

开阔生境拓展演化实验

Hipparionins remained tridactyl while Old World lineages diversified from browse-dominated and mixed feeding to grazing across regions and time.

claim:taxon:hipparionini:ecology

参考文献

  1. Evolutionary Transitions in the Fossil Record of Terrestrial Hoofed MammalsProthero, D.R. · 2009 · DOI 10.1007/s12052-009-0136-1
  2. Anchitherium aurelianense (Equidae, Mammalia): a brachydont “dirty browser” in the community of herbivorous large mammals from Sandelzhausen (Miocene, Germany)Kaiser, T.M. · 2009 · DOI 10.1007/s12542-009-0002-z
  3. Old world hipparion evolution, biogeography, climatology and ecologyBernor, R.L.; Kaya, F.; Kaakinen, A.; Saarinen, J.; Fortelius, M. · 2021 · DOI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103784