A nuclear phylogenomic analysis spanning all living gymnosperm families recovered a Gnepine topology and a cycads-plus-Ginkgo branch while leaving fossils and chronological ranges outside the claim.
A phylogenomic analysis sampling all 13 living gymnosperm families recovered cycads plus Ginkgo as sister to the remaining extant gymnosperms and Gnetales as sister to Pinaceae; this is an extant-lineage topology hypothesis, not a fossil chronology or a topology for extinct seed plants.