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A stem batrachian from the Early Permian of Texas and the origin of frogs and salamanders

Anderson, J.S.; Reisz, R.R.; Scott, D.; Fröbisch, N.B.; Sumida, S.S.

Year2008
Source roleprimary-study
DOI / ID10.1038/nature06865

Fitness and scope

range · taxonomy · topology · morphology · biogeography · ecology

Primary description of the single Gerobatrachus holotype; its proposed stem-batrachian placement is analysis-dependent and does not settle lissamphibian origins.

Claim ledger

topology · medium

The sole Gerobatrachus hottoni holotype USNM 489135 combines frog-like and salamander-like characters and was recovered as a stem batrachian in the original analysis; it is neither crown Batrachia nor a demonstrated direct ancestor or global first appearance.

claim:event:kungurian-gerobatrachus-stem-batrachian
taxonomy · medium

Gerobatrachus hottoni is known from the sole holotype USNM 489135 and was recovered as a stem batrachian in the original analysis, not as crown Batrachia or a direct ancestor.

claim:taxon:gerobatrachus:taxonomy
biogeography · medium

USNM 489135 comes from the Clear Fork Group at a named Baylor County locality in Texas; one occurrence does not establish a global distribution.

claim:taxon:gerobatrachus:biogeography
ecology · medium

The articulated skeleton permits functional discussion, but diet, prey choice, habitat preference and locomotor performance were not directly observed.

claim:taxon:gerobatrachus:ecology
morphology · medium

USNM 489135 preserves a frog-like and salamander-like character mosaic in an articulated small tetrapod skeleton.

claim:taxon:gerobatrachus:morphology
fossil-range · medium

The displayed 283.3–274.4 Ma interval is the Kungurian envelope for the sole Gerobatrachus occurrence and is not a global lissamphibian FAD.

claim:taxon:gerobatrachus:fossil-range
taxonomy · medium

The Amphibian fossil evidence route navigation entity is source-linked only to the named specimen, dataset and analysis dossiers already cited by its range ledger. Its displayed span is a study-bounded route or sample envelope, not a biological taxon, ancestor sequence, global FAD/LAD or exact origin interval.

claim:taxon:amphibian-fossil-evidence-route
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