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References / paper

Halwaxiids and the early evolution of the lophotrochozoans

Conway Morris, S.; Caron, J.-B.

Year2007
Source roleprimary-study
DOI / ID10.1126/science.1137187

Fitness and scope

morphology · topology · taxonomy

Orthrozanclus combines an anterior shell, Wiwaxia-like sclerites and long spines; the proposed Halwaxiida and its lophotrochozoan position are morphology-matrix hypotheses.

Claim ledger

topology · medium

Orthrozanclus reburrus combines a prominent anterior shell, three sclerite zones and long marginal spines in one articulated body; Halwaxiida and its position near early molluscan or broader lophotrochozoan branches are matrix-based hypotheses rather than observed ancestry.

claim:event:orthrozanclus-halwaxiid-mosaic
topology · medium

One articulated Orthrozanclus body combines an anterior shell, three sclerite zones and marginal spines; Halwaxiida placement is a character-matrix hypothesis, not observed molluscan ancestry.

claim:taxon:orthrozanclus
taxonomy · contested

The molluscan-origin dossier is a navigation route through contested Kimberella affinity and the Orthrozanclus character mosaic; it does not define crown Mollusca, a direct ancestor chain or a global origin date.

claim:taxon:molluscan-origin-dossiers
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