The oldest known anthropoid postcranial fossils and the early evolution of higher primates

Isolated IVPP eosimiid tarsals preserve derived and primitive features that place Eosimias on the anthropoid stem in the cited morphology analysis, subject to non-association and matrix limits.

Eosimias is bounded by isolated tarsals and dental comparisons from Chinese middle Eocene fissure fills and basins, approximately 45–40.5 Ma; the tarsals are not dentally associated, so the interval is not a secure global genus range or crown membership.

Gebo and colleagues attribute isolated Shanghuang and Yuanqu calcanei and tali to Eosimias and recover anthropoid affinity in their sampled character analysis; the bones are not dentally associated skeletons or demonstrated direct ancestors.

The profiled Eosimias tarsals come from the Shanghuang fissure fillings and Yuanqu Basin in China; these sampled localities do not establish a complete distribution for the genus.

The isolated Eosimias tarsals support anatomical comparison but do not directly record diet, habitual habitat, observed locomotion, population body size or ecological guild; these fields remain bounded or unresolved here.

The Shanghuang and Yuanqu sample consists of isolated calcanei and tali with a mosaic of characters used in an anthropoid-affinity test; the study does not document a complete associated foot or dental-postcranial association.