Ruta, M.; Botha-Brink, J.; Mitchell, S.A.; Benton, M.J.
taxonomy · topology · morphology · methods · range
Primary enlarged discrete-character analysis of the main sampled cynodont clades; topology, disparity and rate results remain matrix- and sampling-dependent.
An enlarged skeletal-character analysis samples all main Late Permian–Early Jurassic cynodont clades and recovers basal cynodonts and epicynodonts as successive grades relative to Eucynodontia; the topology is a matrix hypothesis, not observed ancestry.
claim:taxon:cynodontia:topologyThe same revised cynodont matrix recovers Probainognathia as one of the two principal sampled eucynodont branches and reports low early rates relative to Cynognathia; neither result establishes a direct lineage to mammals or a clade-wide first appearance.
claim:taxon:probainognathia:topologyCynodontia is displayed at 259.5–174.7 Ma only as the temporal coverage of the matrix sample, not an uninterrupted global range or direct ancestor chain. The interval is a source-bounded sample window, not a global FAD, LAD, divergence date, continuous occupancy claim or direct-ancestor assertion.
claim:taxon:cynodontia:source-bounded-range-rc49Probainognathia is displayed at 237–174.7 Ma only as the sampled matrix coverage, not a clade origin, extinction or direct mammal ancestry. The interval is a source-bounded sample window, not a global FAD, LAD, divergence date, continuous occupancy claim or direct-ancestor assertion.
claim:taxon:probainognathia:source-bounded-range-rc49