Follow named fossils, transcriptome matrices, clock models and gene knockouts without turning Pancrustacea, terrestrialization or flight into a single ancestor ladder.
Each step names its evidence claims, with references below. Interactive Explorer states are available in the full application; the narrative remains an editorial synthesis.
Holotype ROM 63823 and paratype ROM 63824 preserve the appendage combinations scored in the published matrix.
Stem-mandibulate placement is a matrix result; Tokummia is neither a demonstrated direct ancestor nor a crown crustacean, insect or myriapod.
claim:event:tokummia-mandibulate-anatomyROMIP 56432 figures mandibles and maxillules, while ROMIP 64294 exposes disarticulated opposing mandibles within the larger specimen series.
Pancrustacean placement and active swimming predation are topology and functional interpretations, not stomach contents, observed behaviour or a direct ancestor claim.
claim:event:waptia-mandibulate-seriesThe topotype series preserves multiple developmental stages, including an eight-thoracomere stage reconstructed from phosphatized soft-part anatomy.
Eucrustacean crown placement and epipodite homology depend on character interpretation and must not be converted into an exact crown-origin date.
claim:event:yicaris-developmental-seriesNine new 454 transcriptomes were combined with morphology, fossils, ESTs, genomes, mitochondrial proteins and ribosomal data.
Ostracod monophyly and several deep nodes change when fast genes, distant outgroups or data partitions change; no displayed branch is a fossil observation.
claim:event:ostracod-phylotranscriptome-topologyExpanded remipede sampling repeatedly recovers Remipedia plus Hexapoda while supporting several major pancrustacean clades across methods.
Copepod, cephalocarid and other deep positions remain method- and sampling-sensitive, so the tree is a tested hypothesis rather than a fixed ancestor ladder.
claim:event:pancrustacea-remipede-phylogenomicsThe final 105-taxon matrix includes 90 transcriptomes, 15 genomes and 576 protein-coding genes, compared with a 98-taxon alternative assembled through the same pipeline.
Rejected and recovered clades differ among sampled matrices and models; divergence estimates use thirteen vetted calibrations but remain clock outputs.
claim:event:pancrustacea-taxon-sampling-sensitivityFour head capsules and about ten later body specimens include the first reported intact abdomen and a furcula comparable to living springtails.
This sampled occurrence supports collembolan affinity but does not by itself date hexapod terrestrialization, global origin or ecological dominance.
claim:event:rhyniella-springtail-materialNHMUK PI IN 38234 preserves an isolated head fragment whose mandibles were interpreted in 2004 as dicondylic and possibly pterygote-like.
Three-dimensional reanalysis in 2017 found the structures more compatible with a myriapod, possibly a scutigeromorph centipede; insect and flight calibrations are therefore contested.
claim:event:rhyniognatha-contested-affinityThe core dataset contains 57 taxa and 246 genes, with fossil calibrations and a 30-species panarthropod subset used for topology tests.
A favoured marine route and inferred dates are model outputs conditioned on topology, calibrations and ancestral-state coding, not observed migrations.
claim:event:arthropod-terrestrialization-clockThe approximately 10 mm crushed forewing fragment preserves cross-veins and branches of ScP, R and other main veins in lowermost Namurian strata.
Archaeorthopteran affinity follows incomplete venation, and one fragment cannot date the acquisition of powered flight or the global Pterygota first appearance.
claim:event:paskov-carboniferous-wingCRISPR perturbations and expression domains compare proximal leg segments in Parhyale with cricket and other insect body-wall and wing structures.
Developmental correspondence supports a homology model but does not preserve the first wing, its ecology or one uniquely identified fossil precursor.
claim:event:parhyale-wing-homology-knockoutThe study samples 144 species, 1,478 protein-coding genes and archived transcriptomes under BioProject PRJNA183205.
Topology and node ages depend on sampling, orthology, sequence models, fossil assignments and clock priors; they are not observed fossil first appearances.
claim:event:insect-1kite-topology-clockThe described sample includes a stem coleopterid, a holometabolous larva, a stem hymenopterid, an early hemipteran and an early psocodean.
The specimens do not demonstrate synchronous origins, exact crown-order first appearances or a single climatic cause for later diversification. COL26.8 routes 1,049,133 accepted living species names through crustaceans-insects; this is nomenclatural coverage, not 1,049,133 evidence dossiers or a phylogenomic consensus.
claim:event:pennsylvanian-eumetabola-sample