EVO ATLASEN中文
图谱首页 / 参考文献
目录 / references

参考文献

公开实体、主张、年代范围、事件和故事使用的来源账本。

条目486
数据版本2026.09-static-v5-rc146
出版形式HTML + JSON-LD

全部条目

  1. Molecular Phylogeny Restores the Supra-Generic Subdivision of Homoscleromorph Sponges (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha)Gazave, E.; Lapébie, P.; Renard, E.; Vacelet, J.; Rocher, C.; Ereskovsky, A.V.; et al. · 2010
  2. Stranger than a scorpion: a reassessment of Parioscorpio venator, a problematic arthropod from the Llandoverian Waukesha LagerstätteAnderson, E.P.; Schiffbauer, J.D.; Jacquet, S.M.; Lamsdell, J.C.; Kluessendorf, J.; Mikulic, D.G. · 2021
  3. International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2026/06Cohen, K.M.; Harper, D.A.T.; Gibbard, P.L.; Car, N. · 2026
  4. The Paleobiology Database application programming interfacePeters, S.E.; McClennen, M. · 2016
  5. Denormalized occurrence and taxon tables of the Paleobiology DatabaseThe Paleobiology Database Community; Kocsis, Á.T. · 2026
  6. PBDB Data Service 1.2 documentationPaleobiology Database · 2026-08-18
  7. Open Tree of Life web servicesOpenTreeOfLife Project · 2026-08-18
  8. GPlates Web Service documentationGPlates Project · 2026-08-29
  9. Earth's tectonic and plate boundary evolution over 1.8 billion yearsCao, X.; Collins, A.S.; Pisarevsky, S.; Flament, N.; Li, S.; Hasterok, D.; Müller, R.D. · 2024
  10. Perissodactyl evolutionAmerican Museum of Natural History · 2026-08-18
  11. Evidence for perissodactyl evolutionAmerican Museum of Natural History · 2026-08-18
  12. AmynodontidaeAmerican Museum of Natural History · 2026-08-18
  13. BrontotheriidaeAmerican Museum of Natural History · 2026-08-18
  14. EquidaeAmerican Museum of Natural History · 2026-08-18
  15. An Oligocene giant rhino provides insights into Paraceratherium evolutionDeng, T.; Lu, X.; Wang, S.; et al. · 2021
  16. Earliest perissodactyls reveal large-scale dispersals during the PETMTissier, J.; Smith, T. · 2026
  17. The origin of Rhinocerotoidea and phylogeny of CeratomorphaBai, B.; Meng, J.; Zhang, C.; Gong, Y.-X.; Wang, Y.-Q.; et al. · 2020
  18. Ancient and modern genomes unravel the evolutionary history of the rhinoceros familyLiu, S.; Westbury, M.V.; Dussex, N.; et al. · 2021
  19. Eocene–Oligocene mammalian faunal turnover in the Hampshire Basin, UK: calibration to the global time scale and the major cooling eventHooker, J.J.; Collinson, M.E.; Sille, N.P. · 2004
  20. The rise of oxygen in Earth's early ocean and atmosphereLyons, T.W.; Reinhard, C.T.; Planavsky, N.J. · 2014
  21. The Ediacara biota: Neoproterozoic origin of animals and their ecosystemsNarbonne, G.M. · 2005
  22. The Cambrian conundrum: early divergence and later ecological success in the early history of animalsErwin, D.H.; Laflamme, M.; Tweedt, S.M.; et al. · 2011
  23. The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE): the palaeoecological dimensionServais, T.; Owen, A.W.; Harper, D.A.T.; et al. · 2010
  24. The timescale of early land plant evolutionMorris, J.L.; Puttick, M.N.; Clark, J.W.; et al. · 2018
  25. The Fish–Tetrapod Transition: New Fossils and InterpretationsClack, J.A. · 2009
  26. Tetrapod trackways from the early Middle Devonian period of PolandNiedźwiedzki, G.; Szrek, P.; Narkiewicz, K.; Narkiewicz, M.; Ahlberg, P.E. · 2010
  27. A Devonian tetrapod-like fish and the evolution of the tetrapod body planDaeschler, E.B.; Shubin, N.H.; Jenkins, F.A. Jr · 2006
  28. The pectoral fin of Tiktaalik roseae and the origin of the tetrapod limbShubin, N.H.; Daeschler, E.B.; Jenkins, F.A. Jr · 2006
  29. Elpistostege and the origin of the vertebrate handCloutier, R.; Clement, A.M.; Lee, M.S.Y.; et al. · 2020
  30. Polydactyly in the earliest known tetrapod limbsCoates, M.I.; Clack, J.A. · 1990
  31. Three-dimensional limb joint mobility in the early tetrapod IchthyostegaPierce, S.E.; Clack, J.A.; Hutchinson, J.R. · 2012
  32. High-precision timeline for Earth's most severe extinctionBurgess, S.D.; Bowring, S.; Shen, S.-Z. · 2014
  33. Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinctionAlvarez, L.W.; Alvarez, W.; Asaro, F.; Michel, H.V. · 1980
  34. The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum: a perturbation of carbon cycle, climate, and biosphere with implications for the futureMcInerney, F.A.; Wing, S.L. · 2011
  35. Rapid stepwise onset of Antarctic glaciation and deeper calcite compensation in the Pacific OceanCoxall, H.K.; Wilson, P.A.; Pälike, H.; Lear, C.H.; Backman, J. · 2005
  36. Global vegetation change through the Miocene/Pliocene boundaryCerling, T.E.; Harris, J.M.; MacFadden, B.J.; et al. · 1997
  37. Global late Quaternary megafauna extinctions linked to humans, not climate changeSandom, C.; Faurby, S.; Sandel, B.; Svenning, J.-C. · 2014
  38. Evolution of early Homo: an integrated biological perspectiveAntón, S.C.; Potts, R.; Aiello, L.C. · 2014
  39. The phylogeny of early amniotes and the affinities of Parareptilia and VaranopidaeFord, D.P.; Benson, R.B.J. · 2020
  40. The timing and pattern of biotic recovery following the end-Permian mass extinctionChen, Z.-Q.; Benton, M.J. · 2012
  41. The origin and early radiation of dinosaursBrusatte, S.L.; Nesbitt, S.J.; Irmis, R.B.; et al. · 2010
  42. A metacalibrated time-tree documents the early rise of flowering plant phylogenetic diversityMagallón, S.; Gómez-Acevedo, S.; Sánchez-Reyes, L.L.; Hernández-Hernández, T. · 2015
  43. The Evolution of Equid Monodactyly: A Review Including a New HypothesisMcHorse, B.K.; Biewener, A.A.; Pierce, S.E. · 2019
  44. Old world hipparion evolution, biogeography, climatology and ecologyBernor, R.L.; Kaya, F.; Kaakinen, A.; Saarinen, J.; Fortelius, M. · 2021
  45. Tale of two rhinos: isotopic ecology, paleodiet, and niche differentiation of Aphelops and Teleoceras from the Florida NeogeneMacFadden, B.J. · 1998
  46. Home on the range: A multi-isotope investigation of ungulate resource partitioning at Ashfall Fossil Beds, Nebraska, USAWard, C.T.; Crowley, B.E.; Secord, R. · 2024
  47. Enamel carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotopes reveal limited mobility in Teleoceras major at Ashfall Fossil Beds, Nebraska, USAWard, C.T.; Crowley, B.E.; Secord, R. · 2025
  48. Genome shows no recent inbreeding in near-extinction woolly rhinoceros sample found in ancient wolf's stomachGuðjónsdóttir, S.M.; Lord, E.; Pochon, Z.; et al. · 2026
  49. A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal GenomeGreen, R.E.; Krause, J.; Briggs, A.W.; et al. · 2010
  50. A High-Coverage Genome Sequence from an Archaic Denisovan IndividualMeyer, M.; Kircher, M.; Gansauge, M.-T.; et al. · 2012
  51. The Chicxulub asteroid impact and mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundarySchulte, P. et al. · 2010
  52. The oldest echinoderm faunas from Gondwana show that echinoderm body plan diversification was rapidSmith, A.B.; Zamora, S.; Álvaro, J.J. · 2013
  53. A stem group echinoderm from the basal Cambrian of China and the origins of AmbulacrariaTopper, T.P.; Guo, J.; Clausen, S.; Skovsted, C.B.; Zhang, Z. · 2019
  54. Re-evaluating the phylogenetic position of the enigmatic early Cambrian deuterostome YanjiahellaZamora, S.; Wright, D.F.; Mooi, R.; Lefebvre, B.; Guensburg, T.E.; et al. · 2020
  55. Athenacrinus n. gen. and other early echinoderm taxa inform crinoid origin and arm evolutionGuensburg, T.E.; Sprinkle, J.; Mooi, R.; Lefebvre, B.; David, B.; Roux, M.; Derstler, K.L. · 2020
  56. Redescription of Macurdablastus and redefinition of Eublastoidea as a clade of Blastoidea (Echinodermata)Bauer, J.E.; Waters, J.A.; Sumrall, C.D. · 2019
  57. The functional and evolutionary significance of blastoid hydrospiresPaul, C.R.C. · 2021
  58. The Ordovician diversification of sea urchins: systematics of the Bothriocidaroida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)Thompson, J.R.; Cotton, L.J.; Candela, Y.; Kutscher, M.; Reich, M.; Bottjer, D.J. · 2022
  59. Phylogenomic analyses of echinoid diversification prompt a re-evaluation of their fossil recordMongiardino Koch, N.; Thompson, J.R.; Hiley, A.S.; McCowin, M.F.; Armstrong, A.F.; et al. · 2022
  60. Implications of a new Early Ordovician asteroid (Echinodermata) for the phylogeny of asterozoansBlake, D.B.; Guensburg, T.E. · 2005
  61. New Early Paleozoic Asterozoa (Echinodermata) from the Armorican Massif, France, and the Western United StatesBlake, D.B.; Guensburg, T.E.; Lefebvre, B. · 2016
  62. Fauna and ecology of the holothurian bed, Llandrindod, Wales, UK (Darriwilian, Middle Ordovician), and the oldest articulated holothurianBotting, J.P.; Muir, L.A. · 2012
  63. Early Middle Ordovician evidence for land plants in Argentina (eastern Gondwana)Rubinstein, C.V.; Gerrienne, P.; de la Puente, G.S.; Astini, R.A.; Steemans, P. · 2010
  64. Fragments of the earliest land plantsWellman, C.H.; Osterloff, P.L.; Mohiuddin, U. · 2003
  65. An evidence-based 3D reconstruction of Asteroxylon mackiei, the most complex plant preserved from the Rhynie chertHetherington, A.J.; Bridson, S.L.; Jones, A.L.; Hass, H.; Kerp, H.; Dolan, L. · 2021
  66. Earth's oldest liverworts—Metzgeriothallus sharonae sp. nov. from the Middle Devonian (Givetian) of eastern New York, USAVanAller Hernick, L.; Landing, E.; Bartowski, K.E. · 2008
  67. Phylogenomics resolves the deep phylogeny of seed plants and indicates partial convergent or homoplastic evolution between Gnetales and angiospermsRan, J.-H.; Shen, T.-T.; Wang, M.-M.; Wang, X.-Q. · 2018
  68. Recent synchronous radiation of a living fossilNagalingum, N.S.; Marshall, C.R.; Quental, T.B.; Rai, H.S.; Little, D.P.; Mathews, S. · 2011
  69. Not that young: combining plastid phylogenomic, plate tectonic and fossil evidence indicates a Palaeogene diversification of CycadaceaeLiu, J.; Lindstrom, A.J.; Marler, T.E.; Gong, X. · 2022
  70. Reconciling fossils with phylogenies reveals the origin and macroevolutionary processes explaining the global cycad biodiversityCoiro, M.; Allio, R.; Mazet, N.; Seyfullah, L.J.; Condamine, F.L. · 2023
  71. A Jurassic wood providing insights into the earliest step in Ginkgo wood evolutionJiang, Z.; Wang, Y.; Philippe, M.; Zhang, W.; Tian, N.; Zheng, S. · 2016
  72. Hemisphere-scale differences in conifer evolutionary dynamicsLeslie, A.B.; Beaulieu, J.M.; Rai, H.S.; Crane, P.R.; Donoghue, M.J.; Mathews, S. · 2012
  73. Integrated analysis of fossils and molecular divergence time estimates a latest Jurassic origin of angiospermsWu, R.; Álvarez-Carretero, S.; Tong, Y.; Wan, S.; Schneider, H.; Clark, J.; Pisani, D.; Silvestro, D.; et al. · 2026
  74. Montsechia, an ancient aquatic angiospermGomez, B.; Daviero-Gomez, V.; Coiffard, C.; Martín-Closas, C.; Dilcher, D.L. · 2015
  75. Fossil evidence of core monocots in the Early CretaceousCoiffard, C.; Kardjilov, N.; Manke, I.; Bernardes-de-Oliveira, M.E.C. · 2019
  76. A eudicot from the Early Cretaceous of ChinaSun, G.; Dilcher, D.L.; Wang, H.; Chen, Z. · 2011
  77. The Neogene transition from C3 to C4 grasslands in North America: assemblage analysis of fossil phytolithsStrömberg, C.A.E.; McInerney, F.A. · 2011
  78. The oldest gnathostome teethAndreev, P.S.; Sansom, I.J.; Li, Q.; Zhao, W.; Wang, J.; Wang, C.-C.; Peng, L.; Jia, L.; Qiao, T.; Zhu, M. · 2022
  79. Spiny chondrichthyan from the lower Silurian of South ChinaAndreev, P.S.; Sansom, I.J.; Li, Q.; Zhao, W.; Wang, J.; Wang, C.-C.; Peng, L.; Jia, L.; Qiao, T.; Zhu, M. · 2022
  80. The shoulder girdle of early chondrichthyans grew by skeletal remodellingAndreev, P.S.; Zhu, M.; Brakenhoff, L.; Li, Q.; Zhao, W.; Peng, L.; Marone, F.; Dearden, R.P.; Rücklin, M. · 2025
  81. The oldest complete jawed vertebrates from the early Silurian of ChinaZhu, Y.; Li, Q.; Lu, J.; Chen, Y.; Wang, J.; Gai, Z.; Zhao, W.; Wei, G.; Yu, Y.; Ahlberg, P.E.; Zhu, M. · 2022
  82. An early chondrichthyan and the evolutionary assembly of a shark body planCoates, M.I.; Finarelli, J.A.; Sansom, I.J.; Andreev, P.S.; Criswell, K.E.; Tietjen, K.; Rivers, M.L.; La Rivière, P.J. · 2018
  83. A lamprey from the Devonian period of South AfricaGess, R.W.; Coates, M.I.; Rubidge, B.S. · 2006
  84. A Paleozoic stem hagfish Myxinikela siroka—revised anatomy and implications for evolution of the living jawless vertebrate lineagesMiyashita, T. · 2020
  85. Hagfish from the Cretaceous Tethys Sea and a reconciliation of the morphological–molecular conflict in early vertebrate phylogenyMiyashita, T.; Coates, M.I.; Farrar, R.; Larson, P.; Manning, P.L.; Wogelius, R.A.; Edwards, N.P.; Anné, J.; Bergmann, U.; Palmer, A.R.; Currie, P.J. · 2019
  86. Endoskeletal structure in Cheirolepis (Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii), an early ray-finned fishGiles, S.; Coates, M.I.; Garwood, R.J.; Brazeau, M.D.; Atwood, R.; Johanson, Z.; Friedman, M. · 2015
  87. Early members of ‘living fossil’ lineage imply later origin of modern ray-finned fishesGiles, S.; Xu, G.-H.; Near, T.J.; Friedman, M. · 2017
  88. A revision of the Middle Triassic scanilepiform fish Fukangichthys longidorsalis from Xinjiang, China, with comments on the phylogeny of the ActinopteriXu, G.-H.; Gao, K.-Q.; Finarelli, J.A. · 2014
  89. The spotted gar genome illuminates vertebrate evolution and facilitates human-teleost comparisonsBraasch, I.; Gehrke, A.R.; Smith, J.J.; et al. · 2016
  90. Molecular Dating of the Teleost Whole Genome Duplication (3R) Is Compatible With the Expectations of Delayed RediploidizationQi, M.; Clark, J.; Moody, E.R.R.; Pisani, D.; Donoghue, P.C.J. · 2024
  91. The oldest teleosts (Teleosteomorpha): their early taxonomic, phenotypic, and ecological diversification during the TriassicArratia, G.; Schultze, H.-P. · 2024
  92. Evolution of caudal fin ray development and caudal fin hypural diastema complex in spotted gar, teleosts, and other neopterygian fishesDesvignes, T.; Carey, A.; Postlethwait, J.H. · 2018
  93. Genome structures resolve the early diversification of teleost fishesParey, E.; Louis, A.; Montfort, J.; et al. · 2023
  94. A stem batrachian from the Early Permian of Texas and the origin of frogs and salamandersAnderson, J.S.; Reisz, R.R.; Scott, D.; Fröbisch, N.B.; Sumida, S.S. · 2008
  95. Triadobatrachus massinoti, the earliest known lissamphibian (Vertebrata: Tetrapoda) re-examined by μCT scan, and the evolution of trunk length in batrachiansAscarrunz, E.; Rage, J.-C.; Legreneur, P.; Laurin, M. · 2016
  96. Triassic stem caecilian supports dissorophoid origin of living amphibiansKligman, B.T.; Gee, B.M.; Marsh, A.D.; Nesbitt, S.J.; Smith, M.E.; Parker, W.G.; Stocker, M.R. · 2023
  97. Late Jurassic salamandroid from western Liaoning, ChinaGao, K.-Q.; Shubin, N.H. · 2012
  98. The first fossil record of an aquatic caecilian (Gymnophiona: Typhlonectidae)Santos, R.O.; Wilkinson, M.; Ribeiro, G.C.; Carvalho, A.B.; Zaher, H. · 2024
  99. The genome of the Western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalisHellsten, U.; Harland, R.M.; Gilchrist, M.J.; et al. · 2010
  100. Thyroid hormone receptor α- and β-knockout Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles reveal subtype-specific roles during developmentNakajima, K.; Tazawa, I.; Yaoita, Y. · 2018
  101. The interplay of past diversification and evolutionary isolation with present imperilment across the amphibian tree of lifeJetz, W.; Pyron, R.A. · 2018
  102. Antiquity of 'Sail-Backed' Neural Spine Hyper-Elongation in Mammal ForerunnersMann, A.; Reisz, R.R. · 2020
  103. New basal synapsid supports Laurasian origin for therapsidsLiu, J.; Rubidge, B.S.; Li, J. · 2009
  104. Mandibular and dental characteristics of Late Triassic mammaliaform Haramiyavia and their ramifications for basal mammal evolutionLuo, Z.-X.; Gatesy, S.M.; Jenkins, F.A. Jr.; Amaral, W.W.; Shubin, N.H. · 2015
  105. Brazilian fossils reveal homoplasy in the oldest mammalian jaw jointRawson, H.D.; Martinelli, A.G.; Rayfield, E.J.; et al. · 2024
  106. Supporting data for Brazilian fossils reveal homoplasy in the oldest mammalian jaw jointRawson, H.D.; Martinelli, A.G.; Rayfield, E.J.; et al. · 2024
  107. Fossils document evolutionary changes of jaw joint to mammalian middle earMao, F.; Zhang, C.; Liu, C.; et al. · 2024
  108. Transitional mammalian middle ear from a new Cretaceous Jehol eutriconodontMeng, J.; Wang, Y.; Li, C. · 2011
  109. Meckel's cartilage breakdown offers clues to mammalian middle ear evolutionAnthwal, N.; Urban, D.J.; Luo, Z.-X.; Sears, K.E.; Tucker, A.S. · 2017
  110. A basal ichthyosauriform with a short snout from the Lower Triassic of ChinaMotani, R.; Jiang, D.-Y.; Chen, G.-B.; Tintori, A.; Rieppel, O.; Ji, C.; Huang, J.-D. · 2015
  111. Corrigendum: A basal ichthyosauriform with a short snout from the Lower Triassic of ChinaMotani, R.; Jiang, D.-Y.; Chen, G.-B.; Tintori, A.; Rieppel, O.; Ji, C.; Huang, J.-D. · 2015
  112. Terrestrial origin of viviparity in Mesozoic marine reptiles indicated by Early Triassic embryonic fossilsMotani, R.; Jiang, D.-Y.; Tintori, A.; Rieppel, O.; Chen, G.-B. · 2014
  113. Soft-tissue evidence for homeothermy and crypsis in a Jurassic ichthyosaurLindgren, J.; Sjövall, P.; Carney, R.M.; et al. · 2018
  114. A Triassic plesiosaurian skeleton and bone histology inform on evolution of a unique body planWintrich, T.; Hayashi, S.; Houssaye, A.; Nakajima, Y.; Sander, P.M. · 2017
  115. Viviparity and K-selected life history in a Mesozoic marine plesiosaur (Reptilia, Sauropterygia)O'Keefe, F.R.; Chiappe, L.M. · 2011
  116. The four-flipper swimming method of plesiosaurs enabled efficient and effective locomotionMuscutt, L.E.; Dyke, G.; Weymouth, G.D.; Naish, D.; Palmer, C.; Ganapathisubramani, B. · 2017
  117. Pterosaur melanosomes support signalling functions for early feathersCincotta, A.; Nicolaï, M.; Campos, H.B.N.; et al. · 2022
  118. Egg accumulation with 3D embryos provides insight into the life history of a pterosaurWang, X.; Kellner, A.W.A.; Jiang, S.; et al. · 2017
  119. On the size and flight diversity of giant pterosaurs, the use of birds as pterosaur analogues and comments on pterosaur flightlessnessWitton, M.P.; Habib, M.B. · 2010
  120. Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of IndiaThewissen, J.G.M.; Cooper, L.N.; Clementz, M.T.; Bajpai, S.; Tiwari, B.N. · 2007
  121. Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactylsThewissen, J.G.M.; Williams, E.M.; Roe, L.J.; Hussain, S.T. · 2001
  122. Fossil evidence for the origin of aquatic locomotion in archaeocete whalesThewissen, J.G.M.; Hussain, S.T.; Arif, M. · 1994
  123. An amphibious whale from the middle Eocene of Peru reveals early South Pacific dispersal of quadrupedal cetaceansLambert, O.; Bianucci, G.; Salas-Gismondi, R.; et al. · 2019
  124. Hind limbs of Eocene Basilosaurus: evidence of feet in whalesGingerich, P.D.; Smith, B.H.; Simons, E.L. · 1990
  125. Transition of Eocene whales from land to sea: evidence from bone microstructureHoussaye, A.; Tafforeau, P.; de Muizon, C.; Gingerich, P.D. · 2015
  126. Aegicetus gehennae, a new late Eocene protocetid (Cetacea, Archaeoceti) from Wadi Al Hitan, Egypt, and the transition to tail-powered swimming in whalesGingerich, P.D.; Antar, M.S.M.; Zalmout, I.S. · 2019
  127. Correction: Aegicetus gehennae, a new late Eocene protocetid and the transition to tail-powered swimming in whalesThe PLOS ONE Staff · 2020
  128. Phylogenetic relationships among cetartiodactyls based on insertions of short and long interspersed elements: Hippopotamuses are the closest extant relatives of whalesNikaido, M.; Rooney, A.P.; Okada, N. · 1999
  129. Divergence date estimation and a comprehensive molecular tree of extant cetaceansMcGowen, M.R.; Spaulding, M.; Gatesy, J. · 2009
  130. Evolutionary Origin of the Turtle ShellLyson, T.R.; Bever, G.S.; Scheyer, T.M.; Hsiang, A.Y.; Gauthier, J.A. · 2013
  131. A Middle Triassic stem-turtle and the evolution of the turtle body planSchoch, R.R.; Sues, H.-D. · 2015
  132. An ancestral turtle from the Late Triassic of southwestern ChinaLi, C.; Wu, X.-C.; Rieppel, O.; Wang, L.-T.; Zhao, L.-J. · 2008
  133. A Divergence Dating Analysis of Turtles Using Fossil Calibrations: An Example of Best PracticesJoyce, W.G.; Parham, J.F.; Lyson, T.R.; Warnock, R.C.M.; Donoghue, P.C.J. · 2013
  134. A Triassic stem lepidosaur illuminates the origin of lizard-like reptilesMartínez, R.N.; Simões, T.R.; Sobral, G.; Apesteguía, S. · 2021
  135. The origin of squamates revealed by a Middle Triassic lizard from the Italian AlpsSimões, T.R.; Caldwell, M.W.; Tałanda, M.; et al. · 2018
  136. Synchrotron tomography of a stem lizard elucidates early squamate anatomyTałanda, M.; Fernandez, V.; Panciroli, E.; Evans, S.E.; et al. · 2022
  137. A Triassic crown squamateWhiteside, D.I.; Chambi-Trowell, S.A.V.; Benton, M.J. · 2022
  138. The affinities of the Late Triassic Cryptovaranoides and the age of crown squamatesBrownstein, C.D.; Simões, T.R.; Caldwell, M.W.; Lee, M.S.Y.; Meyer, D.L.; Scarpetta, S.G. · 2023
  139. Late Triassic Cryptovaranoides microlanius is a squamate, not an archosauromorphWhiteside, D.I.; Chambi-Trowell, S.A.V.; Benton, M.J. · 2024
  140. Cryptovaranoides is not a squamateCaldwell, M.W.; Brownstein, C.D.; Meyer, D.L.; Scarpetta, S.G.; Lee, M.S.Y.; Simões, T.R. · 2025
  141. Extreme convergence in the body plans of an early suchian (Archosauria) and ornithomimid dinosaurs (Theropoda)Nesbitt, S.J.; Norell, M.A. · 2006
  142. Early crocodylomorph increases top tier predator diversity during rise of dinosaursZanno, L.E.; Drymala, S.; Nesbitt, S.J.; Schneider, V.P. · 2015
  143. A Middle Jurassic 'sphenosuchian' from China and the origin of the crocodylian skullClark, J.M.; Xu, X.; Forster, C.A.; Wang, Y. · 2004
  144. Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil recordLee, M.S.Y.; Yates, A.M. · 2018
  145. A well-preserved Archaeopteryx specimen with theropod featuresMayr, G.; Pohl, B.; Peters, D.S. · 2005
  146. Plumage color patterns of an extinct dinosaurLi, Q.; Gao, K.-Q.; Vinther, J.; et al. · 2010
  147. Four-winged dinosaurs from ChinaXu, X.; Zhou, Z.; Wang, X.; Kuang, X.; Zhang, F.; Du, X. · 2003
  148. Aerodynamic performance of the feathered dinosaur Microraptor and the evolution of feathered flightDyke, G.; de Kat, R.; Palmer, C.; van der Kindere, J.; Naish, D.; Ganapathisubramani, B. · 2013
  149. Late Cretaceous neornithine from Europe illuminates the origins of crown birdsField, D.J.; Benito, J.; Chen, A.; Jagt, J.W.M.; Ksepka, D.T. · 2020
  150. Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birdsJarvis, E.D.; Mirarab, S.; Aberer, A.J.; et al. · 2014
  151. A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birdsClaramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. · 2015
  152. Using Phylogenomic Data to Explore the Effects of Relaxed Clocks and Calibration Strategies on Divergence Time Estimation: Primates as a Test Casedos Reis, M.; Gunnell, G.F.; Barba-Montoya, J.; Wilkins, A.; Yang, Z.; Yoder, A.D. · 2018
  153. Oldest known euarchontan tarsals and affinities of Paleocene Purgatorius to PrimatesChester, S.G.B.; Bloch, J.I.; Boyer, D.M.; Clemens, W.A. · 2015
  154. Altiatlasius koulchii n. gen. et sp., primate omomyidé du Paléocène supérieur du Maroc, et les origines des EuprimatesSigé, B.; Jaeger, J.-J.; Sudre, J.; Vianey-Liaud, M. · 1990
  155. A new family of plesiadapiformes (Mammalia) from the Old World lower PaleogeneHooker, J.J.; Russell, D.E.; Phélizon, A. · 1999
  156. Rapid Asia–Europe–North America geographic dispersal of earliest Eocene primate Teilhardina during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal MaximumSmith, T.; Rose, K.D.; Gingerich, P.D. · 2006
  157. Evidence for a Grooming Claw in a North American Adapiform Primate: Implications for Anthropoid OriginsMaiolino, S.A.; Boyer, D.M.; Bloch, J.I.; Gilbert, C.C.; Groenke, J. · 2012
  158. Complete Primate Skeleton from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany: Morphology and PaleobiologyFranzen, J.L.; Gingerich, P.D.; Habersetzer, J.; Hurum, J.H.; von Koenigswald, W.; Smith, B.H. · 2009
  159. The oldest known anthropoid postcranial fossils and the early evolution of higher primatesGebo, D.L.; Dagosto, M.; Beard, K.C.; Qi, T.; Wang, J. · 2000
  160. New Oligocene primate from Saudi Arabia and the divergence of apes and Old World monkeysZalmout, I.S.; Sanders, W.J.; MacLatchy, L.M.; Gunnell, G.F.; Al-Mufarreh, Y.A.; Ali, M.A.; Nasser, A.-A.H.; Al-Masari, A.M.; Al-Sobhi, S.A.; Nadhra, A.O.; Matari, A.H.; Wilson, J.A.; Gingerich, P.D. · 2010
  161. Postcranial functional morphology of Morotopithecus bishopi, with implications for the evolution of modern ape locomotionMacLatchy, L.; Gebo, D.; Kityo, R.; Pilbeam, D. · 2000
  162. A Complete Skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the Evolutionary Biology of Early HomoLordkipanidze, D.; Ponce de León, M.S.; Margvelashvili, A.; Rak, Y.; Rightmire, G.P.; Vekua, A.; Zollikofer, C.P.E. · 2013
  163. A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Vindija Cave in CroatiaPrüfer, K.; de Filippo, C.; Grote, S.; Mafessoni, F.; Korlević, P.; Hajdinjak, M.; Vernot, B.; Skov, L.; Hsieh, P.; Peyrégne, S.; et al. · 2017
  164. Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western SiberiaFu, Q.; Li, H.; Moorjani, P.; Jay, F.; Slepchenko, S.M.; Bondarev, A.A.; Johnson, P.L.F.; Aximu-Petri, A.; Prüfer, K.; de Filippo, C.; et al. · 2014
  165. Dental and tarsal anatomy of “Miacis” latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)Solé, F.; Smith, R.; Coillot, T.; De Bast, E.; Smith, T. · 2014
  166. Phylogeny of the Carnivora: basal relationships among the carnivoramorphans, and assessment of the position of “Miacoidea” relative to CarnivoraWesley-Hunt, G.D.; Flynn, J.J. · 2005
  167. A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivoransTomiya, S. · 2011
  168. Molecular phylogeny of the Carnivora (Mammalia): assessing the impact of increased sampling on resolving enigmatic relationshipsFlynn, J.J.; Finarelli, J.A.; Zehr, S.; Hsu, J.; Nedbal, M.A. · 2005
  169. Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene “Miacis” from Texas, USA, and the origin of AmphicyonidaeTomiya, S.; Tseng, Z.J. · 2016
  170. A new amphicyonine (Carnivora: Amphicyonidae) from the upper Miocene of Batallones-1, Madrid, SpainPeigné, S.; Salesa, M.J.; Antón, M.; Morales, J. · 2008
  171. Insights into the feeding behavior of Magericyon anceps (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the Late Miocene of Batallones-1 (Madrid, Spain) using finite element analysisDíaz de León-Muñoz, E.M.; Siliceo, G.; Ferreira, G.S. · 2026
  172. Kretzoiarctos gen. nov., the oldest member of the giant panda cladeAbella, J.; Alba, D.M.; Robles, J.M.; et al. · 2012
  173. Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big catsTseng, Z.J.; Wang, X.; Slater, G.J.; et al. · 2014
  174. Carnivoran hunting style and phylogeny reflected in bony labyrinth morphometrySchwab, J.A.; Kriwet, J.; Weber, G.W.; Pfaff, C. · 2019
  175. A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch and origin of PinnipediaRybczynski, N.; Dawson, M.R.; Tedford, R.H. · 2009
  176. Skeletal morphology and locomotor capabilities of the archaic pinniped Enaliarctos mealsiBerta, A.; Ray, C.E. · 1990
  177. Skeleton of the oldest known pinniped, Enaliarctos mealsiBerta, A.; Ray, C.E.; Wyss, A.R. · 1989
  178. First Mesozoic mammal from Australia—an Early Cretaceous monotremeArcher, M.; Flannery, T.F.; Ritchie, A.; Molnar, R.E. · 1985
  179. Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolutionWarren, W.C. et al. · 2008
  180. The earliest known eutherian mammalJi, Q.; Luo, Z.-X.; Yuan, C.-X.; Wible, J.R.; Zhang, J.-P.; Georgi, J.A. · 2002
  181. A Jurassic eutherian mammal and divergence of marsupials and placentalsLuo, Z.-X.; Yuan, C.-X.; Meng, Q.-J.; Ji, Q. · 2011
  182. Tip dating supports novel resolutions of controversial relationships among early mammalsCelik, M.A.; Phillips, M.J. · 2020
  183. An Early Cretaceous eutherian and the placental–marsupial dichotomyBi, S.; Zheng, X.; Wang, X.; Cignetti, N.E.; Yang, S.; Wible, J.R. · 2018
  184. The placental mammal ancestor and the post–K–Pg radiation of placentalsO'Leary, M.A. et al. · 2013
  185. Resolution of the early placental mammal radiation using Bayesian phylogeneticsMurphy, W.J. et al. · 2001
  186. Paleocene emergence of elephant relatives and the rapid radiation of African ungulatesGheerbrant, E. · 2009
  187. Gradual adaptation of bone structure to aquatic lifestyle in extinct sloths from PeruAmson, E.; de Muizon, C.; Laurin, M.; Argot, C.; de Buffrénil, V. · 2014
  188. A large mimotonid from the Middle Eocene of China sheds light on the evolution of lagomorphs and their kinFostowicz-Frelik, Ł.; Li, C.; Mao, F.; Meng, J.; Wang, Y. · 2015
  189. Primitive Early Eocene bat from Wyoming and the evolution of flight and echolocationSimmons, N.B.; Seymour, K.L.; Habersetzer, J.; Gunnell, G.F. · 2008
  190. Molecular evidence regarding the origin of echolocation and flight in batsTeeling, E.C.; Scally, M.; Kao, D.J.; Romagnoli, M.L.; Springer, M.S.; Stanhope, M.J. · 2000
  191. A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolutionBaron, M.G.; Norman, D.B.; Barrett, P.M. · 2017
  192. Untangling the dinosaur family treeLanger, M.C.; Ezcurra, M.D.; Rauhut, O.W.M.; Benton, M.J.; Knoll, F.; McPhee, B.W.; Novas, F.E.; Pol, D.; Brusatte, S.L. · 2017
  193. A Unique Late Triassic Dinosauromorph Assemblage Reveals Dinosaur Ancestral Anatomy and DietCabreira, S.F.; Kellner, A.W.A.; Dias-da-Silva, S.; et al. · 2016
  194. A primitive ornithischian dinosaur from the Late Triassic of South Africa, and the early evolution and diversification of OrnithischiaButler, R.J.; Smith, R.M.H.; Norman, D.B. · 2007
  195. Ontogenetic changes in the body plan of the sauropodomorph dinosaur Mussaurus patagonicus reveal shifts of locomotor stance during growthOtero, A.; Cuff, A.R.; Allen, V.; Sumner-Rooney, L.; Pol, D.; Hutchinson, J.R. · 2019
  196. A giant dinosaur from the earliest Jurassic of South Africa and the transition to quadrupedality in early sauropodomorphsMcPhee, B.W.; Benson, R.B.J.; Botha-Brink, J.; Bordy, E.M.; Choiniere, J.N. · 2018
  197. Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationshipsNorman, D.B. · 2021
  198. A basal ceratopsian with transitional features from the Late Jurassic of northwestern ChinaXu, X.; Forster, C.A.; Clark, J.M.; Mo, J. · 2006
  199. Biostratinomic alterations of an Edmontosaurus “mummy” reveal a pathway for soft tissue preservation without invoking “exceptional conditions”Drumheller, S.K.; Boyd, C.A.; Barnes, B.M.; Householder, M.L. · 2022
  200. A gigantic feathered dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of ChinaXu, X.; Wang, K.; Zhang, K.; et al. · 2012
  201. A nesting dinosaurNorell, M.A.; Clark, J.M.; Chiappe, L.M.; Dashzeveg, D. · 1995
  202. Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaursErickson, G.M.; Makovicky, P.J.; Currie, P.J.; Norell, M.A.; Yerby, S.A.; Brochu, C.A. · 2004
  203. The Biomechanics Behind Extreme Osteophagy in Tyrannosaurus rexGignac, P.M.; Erickson, G.M. · 2017
  204. Fossil steroids record the appearance of Demospongiae during the Cryogenian periodLove, G.D.; Grosjean, E.; Stalvies, C.; Fike, D.A.; Grotzinger, J.P.; Bradley, A.S.; Kelly, A.E.; Bhatia, M.; Meredith, W.; Snape, C.E.; Bowring, S.A.; Condon, D.J.; Summons, R.E. · 2009
  205. Putative sponge biomarkers in unicellular Rhizaria question an early rise of animalsNettersheim, B.J.; Brocks, J.J.; Schwelm, A.; Hope, J.M.; Not, F.; Lomas, M.; Schmidt, C.; Schiebel, R.; Nowack, E.C.M.; De Deckker, P.; et al. · 2019
  206. Sponge grade body fossil with cellular resolution dating 60 Myr before the CambrianYin, Z.; Zhu, M.; Davidson, E.H.; Bottjer, D.J.; Zhao, F.; Tafforeau, P. · 2015
  207. A late-Ediacaran crown-group sponge animalWang, X.; Liu, A.G.; Chen, Z.; Wu, C.; Liu, Y.; Wan, B.; Pang, K.; Zhou, C.; Yuan, X.; Xiao, S. · 2024
  208. Giving the early fossil record of sponges a squeezeAntcliffe, J.B.; Callow, R.H.T.; Brasier, M.D. · 2014
  209. The Amphimedon queenslandica genome and the evolution of animal complexitySrivastava, M.; Simakov, O.; Chapman, J.; Fahey, B.; Gauthier, M.E.A.; Mitros, T.; Richards, G.S.; Conaco, C.; Dacre, M.; Hellsten, U.; et al. · 2010
  210. A large and consistent phylogenomic dataset supports sponges as the sister group to all other animalsSimion, P.; Philippe, H.; Baurain, D.; Jager, M.; Richter, D.J.; Di Franco, A.; Roure, B.; Satoh, N.; Quéinnec, É.; Ereskovsky, A.; et al. · 2017
  211. Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group to all other animalsWhelan, N.V.; Kocot, K.M.; Moroz, T.P.; Mukherjee, K.; Williams, P.; Paulay, G.; Moroz, L.L.; Halanych, K.M. · 2017
  212. A crown-group cnidarian from the Ediacaran of Charnwood Forest, UKDunn, F.S.; Kenchington, C.G.; Parry, L.A.; Clark, J.W.; Kendall, R.S.; Wilby, P.R. · 2022
  213. Haootia quadriformis n. gen., n. sp., interpreted as a muscular cnidarian impression from the Late Ediacaran periodLiu, A.G.; Matthews, J.J.; Menon, L.R.; McIlroy, D.; Brasier, M.D. · 2014
  214. Is Haootia quadriformis related to extant Staurozoa (Cnidaria)? Evidence from the muscular system reconsideredMiranda, L.S.; Collins, A.G.; Marques, A.C. · 2015
  215. The palaeobiology of two crown group cnidarians: Haootia quadriformis and Mamsetia manunis gen. et sp. nov. from the Ediacaran of Newfoundland, CanadaMcIlroy, D.; Pasinetti, G.; Pérez-Pinedo, D.; McKean, C.; Taylor, R.S. · 2024
  216. Three Cambrian fossils assembled into an extinct body plan of cnidarian affinityOu, Q.; Han, J.; Zhang, Z.; Shu, D.; Sun, G.; Mayer, G. · 2017
  217. Tentacular nature of the “column” of the Cambrian diploblastic Xianguangia sinicaZhao, Y.; Hou, X.; Cong, P. · 2023
  218. A macroscopic free-swimming medusa from the middle Cambrian Burgess ShaleMoon, J.; Caron, J.-B.; Moysiuk, J. · 2023
  219. Phylogenomic analyses support traditional relationships within CnidariaZapata, F.; Goetz, F.E.; Smith, S.A.; Howison, M.; Siebert, S.; Church, S.H.; Sanders, S.M.; Ames, C.L.; McFadden, C.S.; France, S.C.; et al. · 2015
  220. Genomic insights into the evolutionary origin of Myxozoa within CnidariaChang, E.S.; Neuhof, M.; Rubinstein, N.D.; Diamant, A.; Philippe, H.; Huchon, D.; Cartwright, P. · 2015
  221. The ancient evolutionary origins of Scleractinia revealed by azooxanthellate coralsStolarski, J.; Kitahara, M.V.; Miller, D.J.; Cairns, S.D.; Mazur, M.; Meibom, A. · 2011
  222. Photosymbiosis and the expansion of shallow-water coralsFrankowiak, K.; Wang, X.T.; Sigman, D.M.; Gothmann, A.M.; Kitahara, M.V.; Mazur, M.; Meibom, A.; Stolarski, J. · 2016
  223. The Late Precambrian fossil Kimberella is a mollusc-like bilaterian organismFedonkin, M.A.; Waggoner, B.M. · 1997
  224. A soft-bodied mollusc with radula from the Middle Cambrian Burgess ShaleCaron, J.-B.; Scheltema, A.; Schander, C.; Rudkin, D. · 2006
  225. Halwaxiids and the early evolution of the lophotrochozoansConway Morris, S.; Caron, J.-B. · 2007
  226. Shell microstructure of the early bivalve Pojetaia and the independent origin of nacre within the MolluscaVendrasco, M.J.; Checa, A.G.; Kouchinsky, A.V. · 2011
  227. Primitive soft-bodied cephalopods from the CambrianSmith, M.R.; Caron, J.-B. · 2010
  228. Phylogenomics reveals deep molluscan relationshipsKocot, K.M.; Cannon, J.T.; Todt, C.; Citarella, M.R.; Kohn, A.B.; Meyer, A.; Santos, S.R.; Schander, C.; Moroz, L.L.; Lieb, B.; Halanych, K.M. · 2011
  229. Resolving the evolutionary relationships of molluscs with phylogenomic toolsSmith, S.A.; Wilson, N.G.; Goetz, F.E.; Feehery, C.; Andrade, S.C.S.; Rouse, G.W.; Giribet, G.; Dunn, C.W. · 2011
  230. Nodal signalling is involved in left–right asymmetry in snailsGrande, C.; Patel, N.H. · 2009
  231. The octopus genome and the evolution of cephalopod neural and morphological noveltiesAlbertin, C.B.; Simakov, O.; Mitros, T.; Wang, Z.Y.; Pungor, J.R.; Edsinger-Gonzales, E.; Brenner, S.; Ragsdale, C.W.; Rokhsar, D.S. · 2015
  232. The Early Cambrian tommotiid Micrina, a sessile bivalved stem group brachiopodHolmer, L.E.; Skovsted, C.B.; Brock, G.A.; Valentine, J.L.; Paterson, J.R. · 2008
  233. Rhynchonelliformean brachiopods with soft-tissue preservation from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte of South ChinaZhang, Z.; Shu, D.; Emig, C.; Zhang, X.; Han, J.; Liu, J.; Li, Y.; Guo, J. · 2007
  234. The Lingula genome provides insights into brachiopod evolution and the origin of phosphate biomineralizationLuo, Y.-J.; Takeuchi, T.; Koyanagi, R.; Yamada, L.; Kanda, M.; Khalturina, M.; Fujie, M.; Yamasaki, S.; Endo, K.; Satoh, N. et al. · 2015
  235. An early Cambrian agglutinated tubular lophophorate with brachiopod charactersZhang, Z.F.; Li, G.X.; Holmer, L.E.; Brock, G.A.; Balthasar, U.; Skovsted, C.B.; Fu, D.J.; Zhang, X.L.; Wang, H.Z.; Butler, A. et al. · 2014
  236. Erratum: An early Cambrian agglutinated tubular lophophorate with brachiopod charactersZhang, Z.F.; Li, G.X.; Holmer, L.E.; Brock, G.A.; Balthasar, U.; Skovsted, C.B.; Fu, D.J.; Zhang, X.L.; Wang, H.Z.; Butler, A. et al. · 2014
  237. Reassessing a cryptic history of early trilobite evolutionHolmes, J.D.; Budd, G.E. · 2022
  238. Rapid volcanic ash entombment reveals the 3D anatomy of Cambrian trilobitesEl Albani, A. et al. · 2024
  239. The trilobite upper limb branch is a well-developed gillHou, J.-B.; Hughes, N.C.; Hopkins, M.J. · 2021
  240. Uniquely preserved gut contents illuminate trilobite palaeophysiologyKraft, P. et al. · 2023
  241. Burgess Shale fossils shed light on the agnostid problemMoysiuk, J.; Caron, J.-B. · 2019
  242. Urokodia sheds light on the origin of chelicerae and book gills of ChelicerataLiu, Y. et al. · 2026
  243. A chelicera-bearing arthropod reveals the Cambrian origin of cheliceratesLerosey-Aubril, R.; Ortega-Hernández, J. · 2026
  244. Neuroanatomy in a middle Cambrian mollisoniid and the ancestral nervous system organization of cheliceratesOrtega-Hernández, J.; Lerosey-Aubril, R.; Losso, S.R.; Weaver, J.C. · 2022
  245. Giant claw reveals the largest ever arthropodBraddy, S.J.; Poschmann, M.; Tetlie, O.E. · 2008
  246. The phylogeny and systematics of XiphosuraLamsdell, J.C. · 2020
  247. A Silurian ancestral scorpion with fossilised internal anatomy illustrating a pathway to arachnid terrestrialisationWendruff, A.J. et al. · 2020
  248. Increasing species sampling in chelicerate genomic-scale datasets provides support for monophyly of Acari and ArachnidaLozano-Fernandez, J. et al. · 2019
  249. Arachnid monophyly: Morphological, palaeontological and molecular support for a single terrestrialization within ChelicerataHoward, R.J.; Puttick, M.N.; Edgecombe, G.D.; Lozano-Fernandez, J. · 2020
  250. Comprehensive species sampling and sophisticated algorithmic approaches refute the monophyly of ArachnidaBallesteros, J.A. et al. · 2022
  251. Burgess Shale fossils illustrate the origin of the mandibulate body planAria, C.; Caron, J.-B. · 2017
  252. Waptia fieldensis Walcott, a mandibulate arthropod from the middle Cambrian Burgess ShaleVannier, J.; Aria, C.; Taylor, R.S.; Caron, J.-B. · 2018
  253. An epipodite-bearing crown-group crustacean from the Lower CambrianZhang, X.-G.; Siveter, D.J.; Waloszek, D.; Maas, A. · 2007
  254. Phylotranscriptomics to Bring the Understudied into the Fold: Monophyletic Ostracoda, Fossil Placement, and Pancrustacean PhylogenyOakley, T.H.; Wolfe, J.M.; Lindgren, A.R.; Zaharoff, A.K. · 2013
  255. Pancrustacean Evolution Illuminated by Taxon-Rich Genomic-Scale Data Sets with an Expanded Remipede SamplingLozano-Fernandez, J.; Giacomelli, M.; Fleming, J.F.; Chen, A.; Vinther, J.; Thomsen, P.F.; Glenner, H.; Palero, F.; Legg, D.A.; Iliffe, T.M.; Pisani, D.; Olesen, J. · 2019
  256. Major Revisions in Pancrustacean Phylogeny and Evidence of Sensitivity to Taxon SamplingBernot, J.P.; Owen, C.L.; Wolfe, J.M.; Meland, K.; Olesen, J.; Crandall, K.A. · 2023
  257. A new assessment of Rhyniella, the earliest known insect, from the Devonian of Rhynie, ScotlandWhalley, P.; Jarzembowski, E.A. · 1981
  258. New light shed on the oldest insectEngel, M.S.; Grimaldi, D.A. · 2004
  259. The presumed oldest flying insect: more likely a myriapod?Haug, C.; Haug, J.T. · 2017
  260. A molecular palaeobiological exploration of arthropod terrestrializationLozano-Fernandez, J.; Carton, R.; Tanner, A.R.; Puttick, M.N.; Blaxter, M.; Vinther, J.; Olesen, J.; Giribet, G.; Edgecombe, G.D.; Pisani, D. · 2016
  261. Discovery of the oldest known Pterygota in the Lower Carboniferous of the Upper Silesian Basin in the Czech Republic (Insecta: Archaeorthoptera)Prokop, J.; Nel, A.; Hoch, I. · 2005
  262. Knockout of crustacean leg patterning genes suggests that insect wings and body walls evolved from ancient leg segmentsBruce, H.S.; Patel, N.H. · 2020
  263. Phylogenomics resolves the timing and pattern of insect evolutionMisof, B.; Liu, S.; Meusemann, K.; Peters, R.S.; Donath, A.; Frandsen, P.B.; et al. · 2014
  264. The earliest known holometabolous insectsNel, A.; Roques, P.; Nel, P.; Prokin, A.A.; Bourgoin, T.; Prokop, J.; et al. · 2013
  265. The putative lissamphibian stem-group: phylogeny and evolution of the dissorophoid temnospondylsSchoch, R.R. · 2019
  266. Phylogeny of Paleozoic limbed vertebrates reassessed through revision and expansion of the largest published relevant data matrixMarjanović, D.; Laurin, M. · 2019
  267. Stem caecilian from the Triassic of Colorado sheds light on the origins of LissamphibiaPardo, J.D.; Small, B.J.; Huttenlocker, A.K. · 2017
  268. Timing and tempo of the Great Oxidation EventGumsley, A.P.; Chamberlain, K.R.; Bleeker, W.; Söderlund, U.; de Kock, M.O.; Larsson, E.R.; Bekker, A. · 2017
  269. Dodging snowballs: Geochronology of the Gaskiers glaciation and the first appearance of the Ediacaran biotaPu, J.P.; Bowring, S.A.; Ramezani, J.; Myrow, P.; Raub, T.D.; Landing, E.; Mills, A.; Hodgin, E.; Macdonald, F.A. · 2016
  270. Time scales of critical events around the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundaryRenne, P.R.; Deino, A.L.; Hilgen, F.J.; Kuiper, K.F.; Mark, D.F.; Mitchell, W.S.; Morgan, L.E.; Mundil, R.; Smit, J. · 2013
  271. A new graptolite (Pterobranchia) from the early Cambrian Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte of ChinaYang, J.; Caron, J.-B.; Conway Morris, S.; et al. · 2025
  272. Suspension feeding by the pterobranch hemichordate Rhabdopleura normaniHalanych, K.M. · 1993
  273. Dinosaur census reveals abundant Tyrannosaurus and rare ontogenetic stages in the Upper Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation (Maastrichtian), Montana, USAHorner, J.R.; Goodwin, M.B.; Myhrvold, N. · 2011
  274. A high-resolution growth series of Tyrannosaurus rex obtained from multiple lines of evidenceCarr, T.D. · 2020
  275. Tyrant dinosaur evolution tracks the rise and fall of Late Cretaceous oceansLoewen, M.A.; Irmis, R.B.; Sertich, J.J.W.; Currie, P.J.; Sampson, S.D. · 2013
  276. The oldest specimen of ArchaeopteryxRauhut, O.W.M.; Foth, C.; Tischlinger, H. · 2018
  277. Wing bone geometry reveals active flight in ArchaeopteryxVoeten, D.F.A.E.; Cubo, J.; de Margerie, E.; Röper, M.; Beyrand, V.; Bureš, S.; Tafforeau, P.; Sanchez, S. · 2018
  278. Cretaceous Antarctic bird skull elucidates early avian ecological diversityTorres, C.R.; Clarke, J.A.; Groenke, J.R.; Lamanna, M.C.; MacPhee, R.D.E.; Musser, G.M.; Roberts, E.M.; O’Connor, P.M. · 2025
  279. Inferring weak spots in phylogenetic trees: application to mosasauroid nomenclatureMadzia, D.; Cau, A. · 2017
  280. Dallasaurus turneri, a new primitive mosasauroid from the Middle Turonian of Texas and comments on the phylogeny of Mosasauridae (Squamata)Bell, G.L. Jr; Polcyn, M.J. · 2005
  281. On diving and diet: resource partitioning in type-Maastrichtian mosasaursSchulp, A.S.; Vonhof, H.B.; van der Lubbe, J.H.J.L.; Janssen, R.; van Baal, R.R. · 2013
  282. The youngest in situ record to date of Mosasaurus hoffmanni (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Maastrichtian type area, the NetherlandsJagt, J.W.M.; Cornelissen, D.; Mulder, E.W.A.; Schulp, A.S.; Severijns, J.; Verding, L. · 2008
  283. Bobosaurus forojuliensis, a new sauropterygian (Reptilia) from the Upper Triassic (lower Carnian) of northeastern ItalyDalla Vecchia, F.M. · 2006
  284. Two new species of Ichthyosaurus from the lowermost Jurassic (Hettangian) of Somerset, EnglandLomax, D.R.; Massare, J.A. · 2017
  285. Oldest known mosses discovered in Mississippian (late Visean) strata of GermanyHübers, M.; Kerp, H. · 2012
  286. Giant cladoxylopsid trees resolve the enigma of the Earth's earliest forest stumps at GilboaStein, W.E.; Mannolini, F.; Hernick, L.V.; Landing, E.; Berry, C.M. · 2007
  287. The earliest seedsGillespie, W.H.; Rothwell, G.W.; Scheckler, S.E. · 1981
  288. Lopingian (Late Permian) trilobites from the North Caucasus, Russia, with an overview of their distribution worldwideMychko, E.V. · 2025
  289. A marine stem-myriapod from the Silurian Waukesha Lagerstätte, Wisconsin, USA: terrestrial traits pre-date the transition to landBriggs, D.E.G.; Lamsdell, J.C.; Kluessendorf, J.; Mikulic, D.G. · 2026
  290. Lower Cambrian vertebrates from south ChinaShu, D.-G.; Luo, H.-L.; Conway Morris, S.; Zhang, X.-L.; Hu, S.-X.; Chen, L.; Han, J.; Zhu, M.; Li, Y.; Chen, L.-Z. · 1999
  291. The oldest articulated osteichthyan reveals mosaic gnathostome charactersZhu, M.; Zhao, W.; Jia, L.; Lu, J.; Qiao, T.; Qu, Q. · 2009
  292. The temnospondyl amphibians from the Viséan of East Kirkton, West Lothian, ScotlandMilner, A.R.; Sequeira, S.E.K. · 1993
  293. New U-Pb constraints and geochemistry of the East Kirkton Quarry, Scotland: Implications for early tetrapod evolution in the CarboniferousGarza, H.K.; Catlos, E.J.; Lapen, T.J.; Clarke, J.A.; Brookfield, M.E. · 2025
  294. Anatomy and systematics of the pterosaur Carniadactylus gen. n. rosenfeldi (Dalla Vecchia, 1995)Dalla Vecchia, F.M. · 2009
  295. Lower Cambrian vertebrates from south ChinaShu, D.-G.; Luo, H.-L.; Conway Morris, S.; Zhang, X.-L.; Hu, S.-X.; Chen, L.; Han, J.; Zhu, M.; Li, Y.; Chen, L.-Z. · 1999
  296. The oldest articulated bony fish from the early Silurian periodZhu, Y.-A.; Chen, Y.; Li, Q.; Zhao, W.-J.; Zhou, Z.-D.; Jia, L.-T.; Yu, Y.-L.; Yu, H.-X.; Wei, G.-B.; Ahlberg, P.E.; Lu, J.; Zhu, M. · 2026
  297. Earliest amniote tracks recalibrate the timeline of tetrapod evolutionLong, J.A.; Niedźwiedzki, G.; Garvey, J.; Clement, A.M.; Camens, A.B.; Eury, C.A.; Eason, J.; Ahlberg, P.E. · 2025
  298. The Sail-Backed Reptile Ctenosauriscus from the Latest Early Triassic of Germany and the Timing and Biogeography of the Early Archosaur RadiationButler, R.J.; Brusatte, S.L.; Reich, M.; Nesbitt, S.J.; Schoch, R.R.; Hornung, J.J. · 2011
  299. Cranial Anatomy of the Earliest Marsupials and the Origin of OpossumsHorovitz, I.; Martin, T.; Bloch, J.; Ladevèze, S.; Kurz, C.; Sánchez-Villagra, M.R. · 2009
  300. Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocksOhtomo, Y.; Kakegawa, T.; Ishida, A.; Nagase, T.; Rosing, M.T. · 2014
  301. Constraining the Time Interval for the Origin of Life on EarthPearce, B.K.D.; Tupper, A.S.; Pudritz, R.E.; Higgs, P.G. · 2018
  302. A middle Cambrian arthropod with chelicerae and proto-book gillsAria, C.; Caron, J.-B. · 2019
  303. Global sea urchin diversity patterns reveal shifts between shallow-water and deep-water benthic assemblagesHe, L.; Cheng, J.; Xiao, N.; Hui, M.; Sha, Z. · 2026
  304. A new specimen of Ichthyosaurus communis from Dorset, UK, and its bearing on the stratigraphical range of the speciesBennett, S.P.; Barrett, P.M.; Collinson, M.E.; Moore-Fay, S.; Davis, P.G.; Palmer, C.P. · 2012
  305. Swimming styles in Jurassic ichthyosaursBuchholtz, E.A. · 2001
  306. The origin of PterosaursBaron, M.G. · 2021
  307. An analysis of pterosaurian biogeography: implications for the evolutionary history and fossil record quality of the first flying vertebratesUpchurch, P.; Andres, B.; Butler, R.J.; Barrett, P.M. · 2015
  308. Evolutionary Transitions in the Fossil Record of Terrestrial Hoofed MammalsProthero, D.R. · 2009
  309. Species Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Biogeography of the Brontotheriidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla)Mihlbachler, M.C. · 2008
  310. Dental wear variation and implications for diet: An example from Eocene perissodactyls (Mammalia)Joomun, S.C.; Hooker, J.J.; Collinson, M.E. · 2008
  311. Locomotor adaptations in Metamynodon planifrons compared to other amynodontids (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotoidea)Wall, W.P.; Heinbaugh, K.L. · 1999
  312. Feeding ecology of the Chalicotheriidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Ancylopoda): results from dental micro- and mesowear analysesSchulz, E.; Fahlke, J.M.; Merceron, G.; Kaiser, T.M. · 2007
  313. Anchitherium aurelianense (Equidae, Mammalia): a brachydont “dirty browser” in the community of herbivorous large mammals from Sandelzhausen (Miocene, Germany)Kaiser, T.M. · 2009
  314. When the woolly rhinoceroses roamed East Asia: a review of isotopic paleoecology of the genus Coelodonta from the Tibetan Plateau to northern EurasiaMa, J.; Wang, S.; Deng, T. · 2024
  315. Morphological and ontogenetic criteria for defining a trilobite species: The example of Siluro-Devonian PhacopidaeCrônier, C.; Bignon, A.; François, A. · 2011
  316. Trilobite systematics: the last 75 yearsFortey, R.A. · 2001
  317. Cambrian–Ordovician trilobite family Missisquoiidae Hupé, 1955: Systematic revision and palaeogeographical considerations based on cladistic analysisLee, S.-b.; Lee, D.-C.; Choi, D.K. · 2008
  318. The oldest described eurypterid: a giant Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) megalograptid from the Winneshiek Lagerstätte of IowaLamsdell, J.C.; Briggs, D.E.G.; Liu, H.P.; Witzke, B.J.; McKay, R.M. · 2015
  319. Phylogenomic Resolution of Sea Spider Diversification through Integration of Multiple Data ClassesBallesteros, J.A.; Setton, E.V.W.; Santibáñez-López, C.E.; Arango, C.P.; Brenneis, G.; Brix, S.; Corbett, K.F.; Cano-Sánchez, E.; Dandouch, M.; Dilly, G.F.; Eleaume, M.P.; Gainett, G.; Gallut, C.; McAtee, S.; McIntyre, L.; Moran, A.L.; Moran, R.; López-González, P.J.; Scholtz, G.; Williamson, C.; Woods, H.A.; Zehms, J.T.; Wheeler, W.C.; Sharma, P.P. · 2021
  320. Phylogenomic Interrogation of Arachnida Reveals Systemic Conflicts in Phylogenetic SignalSharma, P.P.; Kaluziak, S.T.; Pérez-Porro, A.R.; González, V.L.; Hormiga, G.; Wheeler, W.C.; Giribet, G. · 2014
  321. The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon samplingWheeler, W.C.; Coddington, J.A.; Crowley, L.M.; Dimitrov, D.; Goloboff, P.A.; Griswold, C.E.; Hormiga, G.; Prendini, L.; Ramírez, M.J.; Sierwald, P.; Almeida-Silva, L.; Álvarez-Padilla, F.; Arnedo, M.A.; Benavides Silva, L.R.; Benjamin, S.P.; Bond, J.E.; Grismado, C.J.; Hasan, E.; Hedin, M.; Izquierdo, M.A.; Labarque, F.M.; Ledford, J.; Lopardo, L.; Maddison, W.P.; Miller, J.A.; Piacentini, L.N.; Platnick, N.I.; Polotow, D.; Silva-Dávila, D.; Scharff, N.; Szűts, T.; Ubick, D.; Vink, C.; Wood, H.M.; Zhang, J. · 2017
  322. Mitochondrial Metagenomics Reveals the Ancient Origin and Phylodiversity of Soil Mites and Provides a Phylogeny of the AcariArribas, P.; Andújar, C.; Moraza, M.L.; Linard, B.; Emerson, B.C.; Vogler, A.P. · 2020
  323. Evolutionary history and divergence times of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) revealed through transcriptomicsKohli, M.K.; Letsch, H.; Greve, C.; Béthoux, O.; Deregnaucourt, I.; Liu, S.; Zhou, X.; Donath, A.; Mayer, C.; Podsiadlowski, L.; Gunkel, S.; Machida, R.; Misof, B.; Ware, J.L. · 2021
  324. Phylogeny and classification of Odonata using targeted genomicsBybee, S.M.; Kalkman, V.J.; Erickson, R.J.; Frandsen, P.B.; Breinholt, J.W.; Suvorov, A.; Dijkstra, K.-D.B.; Cordero-Rivera, A.; Skevington, J.H.; Abbott, J.C.; Sanchez Herrera, M.; Lemmon, A.R.; Lemmon, E.M.; Ware, J.L. · 2021
  325. Neue Meganeuridae aus dem Namurium von Hagen-Vorhalle (BRD) und die Phylogenie der Meganisoptera (Insecta, Odonata)Brauckmann, C.; Zessin, W. · 1989
  326. Revision of Permo-Carboniferous griffenflies (Insecta: Odonatoptera: Meganisoptera) based upon new species and redescription of selected poorly known taxa from EurasiaNel, A.; Fleck, G.; Garrouste, R.; Gand, G.; Lapeyrie, J.; Bybee, S.M.; Prokop, J. · 2009
  327. The evolution and genomic basis of beetle diversityMcKenna, D.D.; Shin, S.; Ahrens, D.; Balke, M.; Beza-Beza, C.; Clarke, D.J.; Donath, A.; Escalona, H.E.; Friedrich, F.; Letsch, H.; Liu, S.; Maddison, D.; Mayer, C.; Misof, B.; Murin, P.J.; Niehuis, O.; Peters, R.S.; Podsiadlowski, L.; Pohl, H.; Scully, E.D.; Yan, E.V.; Zhou, X.; Ślipiński, A.; Beutel, R.G. · 2019
  328. Evolutionary History of the HymenopteraPeters, R.S.; Krogmann, L.; Mayer, C.; Donath, A.; Gunkel, S.; Meusemann, K.; Kozlov, A.; Podsiadlowski, L.; Petersen, M.; Lanfear, R.; Diez, P.A.; Heraty, J.; Kjer, K.M.; Klopfstein, S.; Meier, R.; Polidori, C.; Schmitt, T.; Liu, S.; Zhou, X.; Wappler, T.; Rust, J.; Misof, B.; Niehuis, O. · 2017
  329. An Ostracode Crustacean with Soft Parts from the Lower SilurianSiveter, D.J.; Sutton, M.D.; Briggs, D.E.G.; Siveter, D.J. · 2003
  330. Phylogenetic analysis of the Malacostraca (Crustacea)Richter, S.; Scholtz, G. · 2001
  331. Conflict between datasets and phylogeny of centipedes: an analysis based on seven genes and morphologyGiribet, G.; Edgecombe, G.D. · 2006
  332. Revival of forgotten characters and modern imaging techniques help to produce a robust phylogeny of the Diplopoda (Arthropoda, Myriapoda)Blanke, A.; Wesener, T. · 2014
  333. Conodont affinity and chordate phylogenyDonoghue, P.C.J.; Forey, P.L.; Aldridge, R.J. · 2000
  334. The phylogeny of the Craniata, with particular reference to the significance of fossil ‘agnathans’Janvier, P. · 1981
  335. A phylogeny for Heterostraci (stem-gnathostomes)Randle, E.; Keating, J.N.; Sansom, R.S. · 2025
  336. Phylogeny, classification and character polarity of the Osteostraci (Vertebrata)Sansom, R.S. · 2009
  337. 28S and 18S rDNA sequences support the monophyly of lampreys and hagfishesMallatt, J.; Sullivan, J. · 1998
  338. Lampreys as Diverse Model Organisms in the Genomics EraMcCauley, D.W.; Docker, M.F.; Whyard, S.; Li, W. · 2015
  339. Two new species of Dunkleosteus Lehman, 1956, from the Ohio Shale Formation (USA, Famennian) and the Kettle Point Formation (Canada, Upper Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)Carr, R.K.; Hlavin, W.J. · 2010
  340. Feeding mechanics and bite force modelling of the skull of Dunkleosteus terrelli, an ancient apex predatorAnderson, P.S.L.; Westneat, M.W. · 2007
  341. Elasmobranch Phylogeny: A Mitochondrial Estimate Based on 595 SpeciesNaylor, G.J.P.; Caira, J.N.; Jensen, K.; Rosana, K.A.M.; Straube, N.; Lakner, C. · 2012
  342. When Did Carcharocles megalodon Become Extinct? A New Analysis of the Fossil RecordPimiento, C.; Clements, C.F. · 2014
  343. Evolutionary Origin and Phylogeny of the Modern Holocephalans (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeriformes): A Mitogenomic PerspectiveInoue, J.G.; Miya, M.; Lam, K.; Tay, B.-H.; Danks, J.A.; Bell, J.; Walker, T.I.; Venkatesh, B. · 2010
  344. Phylogenetic relationships of neopterygian fishes, inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequencesNormark, B.B.; McCune, A.R.; Harrison, R.G. · 1991
  345. Resolution of ray-finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversificationNear, T.J.; Eytan, R.I.; Dornburg, A.; Kuhn, K.L.; Moore, J.A.; Davis, M.P.; Wainwright, P.C.; Friedman, M.; Smith, W.L. · 2012
  346. Gene trees, species trees, and morphology converge on a similar phylogeny of living gars (Actinopterygii: Holostei: Lepisosteidae), an ancient clade of ray-finned fishesWright, J.J.; David, S.R.; Near, T.J. · 2012
  347. A Comprehensive Phylogenetic Study of Amiid Fishes (Amiidae) Based on Comparative Skeletal Anatomy: An Empirical Search for Interconnected Patterns of Natural HistoryGrande, L.; Bemis, W.E. · 1998
  348. New Triassic teleosts (Actinopterygii, Teleosteomorpha) from northern Italy and their phylogenetic relationships among the most basal teleostsArratia, G. · 2017
  349. Phylogenetic classification of bony fishesBetancur-R, R.; Wiley, E.O.; Arratia, G.; Acero, A.; Bailly, N.; Miya, M.; Lecointre, G.; Ortí, G. · 2017
  350. Phylogeny of the Elopomorpha (Teleostei): Evidence from six nuclear and mitochondrial markersChen, J.-N.; López, J.A.; Lavoué, S.; Miya, M.; Chen, W.-J. · 2014
  351. Phylogenomics of Bony-Tongue Fishes (Osteoglossomorpha) Shed Light on the Craniofacial Evolution and Biogeography of the Weakly Electric Clade (Mormyridae)Peterson, R.D.; Sullivan, J.P.; Hopkins, C.D.; Santaquiteria, A.; Dillman, C.B.; Pirro, S.; Betancur-R, R.; Arcila, D.; Hughes, L.C.; Ortí, G. · 2022
  352. Resolving the Early Divergence Pattern of Teleost Fish Using Genome-Scale DataTakezaki, N. · 2021
  353. Molecular systematics of Salmonidae: combined nuclear data yields a robust phylogenyCrespi, B.J.; Fulton, M.J. · 2004
  354. Support for Lungfish as the Closest Relative of Tetrapods by Using Slowly Evolving Ray-Finned Fish as the OutgroupTakezaki, N.; Nishihara, H. · 2016
  355. Gnathostome Phylogenomics Utilizing Lungfish EST SequencesHallström, B.M.; Janke, A. · 2009
  356. The emergence of early tetrapodsClack, J.A. · 2006
  357. A Marine Stem-Tetrapod from the Devonian of Western North AmericaSwartz, B. · 2012
  358. The evolution of major temnospondyl clades: an inclusive phylogenetic analysisSchoch, R.R. · 2013
  359. Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundaryFeng, Y.-J.; Blackburn, D.C.; Liang, D.; Hillis, D.M.; Wake, D.B.; Cannatella, D.C.; Zhang, P. · 2017
  360. A Versatile and Highly Efficient Toolkit Including 102 Nuclear Markers for Vertebrate Phylogenomics, Tested by Resolving the Higher Level Relationships of the CaudataShen, X.X.; Liang, D.; Feng, Y.J.; Chen, M.Y.; Zhang, P. · 2013
  361. Phylogenetic Relationships of Mesozoic TurtlesJoyce, W.G. · 2007
  362. Macroevolutionary patterns in Rhynchocephalia: is the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) a living fossil?Herrera-Flores, J.A.; Stubbs, T.L.; Benton, M.J. · 2017
  363. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakesPyron, R.A.; Burbrink, F.T.; Wiens, J.J. · 2013
  364. The origin of snakes: revealing the ecology, behavior, and evolutionary history of early snakes using genomics, phenomics, and the fossil recordHsiang, A.Y.; Field, D.J.; Webster, T.H.; Behlke, A.D.B.; Davis, M.B.; Racicot, R.A.; Gauthier, J.A. · 2015
  365. Elasmosaurid phylogeny and paleobiogeography, with a reappraisal of Aphrosaurus furlongi from the Maastrichtian of the Moreno FormationO’Gorman, J.P. · 2019
  366. Comments on the Pteranodontidae (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) with the description of two new speciesKellner, A.W.A. · 2010
  367. A new Mesembriornithinae (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) provides new insights into the phylogeny and sensory capabilities of terror birdsDegrange, F.J.; Tambussi, C.P.; Taglioretti, M.L.; Dondas, A.; Scaglia, F. · 2015
  368. The phylogenomic forest of bird trees contains a hard polytomy at the root of NeoavesSuh, A. · 2016
  369. The phylogeny of the ornithischian dinosaursButler, R.J.; Upchurch, P.; Norman, D.B. · 2008
  370. Stegosauria: a historical review of the body fossil record and phylogenetic relationshipsMaidment, S.C.R. · 2010
  371. Phylogeny of the ankylosaurian dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)Thompson, R.S.; Parish, J.C.; Maidment, S.C.R.; Barrett, P.M. · 2012
  372. Redescription of Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown 1908 (Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Interior of North AmericaCarpenter, K. · 2004
  373. A Ceratopsian Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Western North America, and the Biogeography of NeoceratopsiaFarke, A.A.; Maxwell, W.D.; Cifelli, R.L.; Wedel, M.J. · 2014
  374. Torosaurus Is Not Triceratops: Ontogeny in Chasmosaurine Ceratopsids as a Case Study in Dinosaur TaxonomyLongrich, N.R.; Field, D.J. · 2012
  375. Global historical biogeography of hadrosaurid dinosaursPrieto-Márquez, A. · 2010
  376. Cranial Growth and Variation in Edmontosaurs (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae): Implications for Latest Cretaceous Megaherbivore Diversity in North AmericaCampione, N.E.; Evans, D.C. · 2011
  377. A Complete Skeleton of a Late Triassic Saurischian and the Early Evolution of DinosaursNesbitt, S.J.; Smith, N.D.; Irmis, R.B.; Turner, A.H.; Downs, A.; Norell, M.A. · 2009
  378. A Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Ischigualasto Formation (Triassic, Carnian) and the Early Evolution of SauropodomorphaMartinez, R.N.; Alcober, O.A. · 2009
  379. A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch 1914)Taylor, M.P. · 2009
  380. A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda)Tschopp, E.; Mateus, O.; Benson, R.B.J. · 2015
  381. A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaursCarballido, J.L.; Pol, D.; Otero, A.; Cerda, I.A.; Salgado, L.; Garrido, A.C.; Ramezani, J.; Cúneo, N.R.; Krause, J.M. · 2017
  382. An Overview of Non-Avian Theropod Discoveries and ClassificationHendrickx, C.; Hartman, S.A.; Mateus, O. · 2015
  383. Tyrannosaur Paleobiology: New Research on Ancient Exemplar OrganismsBrusatte, S.L.; Norell, M.A.; Carr, T.D.; Erickson, G.M.; Hutchinson, J.R.; Balanoff, A.M.; Bever, G.S.; Choiniere, J.N.; Makovicky, P.J.; Xu, X. · 2010
  384. A Century of Spinosaurs — A Review and Revision of the Spinosauridae with Comments on Their EcologyHone, D.W.E.; Holtz, T.R. · 2017
  385. Tail-propelled aquatic locomotion in a theropod dinosaurIbrahim, N.; Maganuco, S.; Dal Sasso, C.; Fabbri, M.; Auditore, M.; Bindellini, G.; Martill, D.M.; Zouhri, S.; Mattarelli, D.A.; Unwin, D.M.; Wiemann, J.; Bonadonna, D.; Amane, A.; Jakubczak, J.; Joger, U.; Lauder, G.V.; Pierce, S.E. · 2020
  386. A Review of Dromaeosaurid Systematics and Paravian PhylogenyTurner, A.H.; Makovicky, P.J.; Norell, M.A. · 2012
  387. Feather Quill Knobs in the Dinosaur VelociraptorTurner, A.H.; Makovicky, P.J.; Norell, M.A. · 2007
  388. Phylogenetic analysis of Russian Permian dicynodonts (Therapsida: Anomodontia): implications for Permian biostratigraphy and Pangaean biogeographyAngielczyk, K.D. · 2003
  389. The origin of Rhinocerotoidea and phylogeny of Ceratomorpha (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)Bai, B.; Meng, J.; Zhang, C.; Gong, Y.-X.; Wang, Y.-Q. · 2020
  390. Three new Jurassic euharamiyidan species reinforce early divergence of mammalsBi, S.; Wang, Y.; Guan, J.; Sheng, X.; Meng, J. · 2014
  391. The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysisBoisserie, J.-R. · 2005
  392. Hidden dental diversity in the oldest terrestrial apex predator DimetrodonBrink, K.S.; Reisz, R.R. · 2014
  393. The early evolution of synapsids, and the influence of sampling on their fossil recordBrocklehurst, N.; Kammerer, C.F.; Fröbisch, J. · 2013
  394. Phylogenetic systematics of basal perissodactylsFroehlich, D.J. · 1999
  395. Referral of Miacis jepseni Guthrie to Oödectes Wortman, and an assessment of phylogenetic relationships among early Eocene Miacidae (Mammalia: Carnivora)Heinrich, R.E. · 1997
  396. The skull of MorganucodonKermack, K.A.; Mussett, F.; Rigney, H.W. · 1981
  397. In quest for a phylogeny of Mesozoic mammalsLuo, Z.-X.; Kielan-Jaworowska, Z.; Cifelli, R.L. · 2002
  398. Updating the evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia): a new species-level supertree complete with divergence time estimatesNyakatura, K.; Bininda-Emonds, O.R.P. · 2012
  399. Evolutionary History of Saber-Toothed Cats Based on Ancient MitogenomicsPaijmans, J.L.A.; Barnett, R.; Gilbert, M.T.P.; Zepeda-Mendoza, M.L.; Reumer, J.W.F.; de Vos, J.; Zazula, G.; Nagel, D.; Baryshnikov, G.F.; Leonard, J.A.; Rohland, N.; Westbury, M.V.; Barlow, A.; Hofreiter, M. · 2017
  400. A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephantsPalkopoulou, E. et al. · 2018
  401. A comprehensive phylogeny of extant horses, rhinos and tapirs (Perissodactyla) through data combinationPrice, S.A.; Bininda-Emonds, O.R.P. · 2009
  402. The radiation of cynodonts and the ground plan of mammalian morphological diversityRuta, M.; Botha-Brink, J.; Mitchell, S.A.; Benton, M.J. · 2013
  403. Major Questions in the Study of Primate OriginsSilcox, M.T.; López-Torres, S. · 2017
  404. Phylogeny of the Carnivoramorpha: The impact of postcranial charactersSpaulding, M.; Flynn, J.J. · 2012
  405. Macroevolutionary Dynamics and Historical Biogeography of Primate Diversification Inferred from a Species SupermatrixSpringer, M.S. et al. · 2012
  406. The Origin(s) of WhalesUhen, M.D. · 2010
  407. Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution, and conservationUpham, N.S.; Esselstyn, J.A.; Jetz, W. · 2019
  408. Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae (Carnivora: Canidae)Wang, X. · 1994
  409. Experimental Cladistic Analysis of Anatomically Preserved Arborescent Lycopsids from the Carboniferous of Euramerica: An Essay on Paleobotanical PhylogeneticsBateman, R.M.; DiMichele, W.A.; Willard, D.A. · 1992
  410. Origin of Equisetum: Evolution of horsetails (Equisetales) within the major euphyllophyte clade SphenopsidaElgorriaga, A.; Escapa, I.H.; Rothwell, G.W.; Tomescu, A.M.F.; Cúneo, N.R. · 2018
  411. Towards Resolving the Complete Fern Tree of LifeLehtonen, S. · 2011
  412. Anthoceros genomes illuminate the origin of land plants and the unique biology of hornwortsLi, F.-W.; Nishiyama, T.; Waller, M.; et al. · 2020
  413. An overview of extant conifer evolution from the perspective of the fossil recordLeslie, A.B.; Beaulieu, J.; Holman, G.; et al. · 2018
  414. Phylogenetic Analysis of Araucariaceae: Integrating Molecules, Morphology, and FossilsEscapa, I.H.; Catalano, S.A. · 2013
  415. New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C4 originsGrass Phylogeny Working Group II · 2012
  416. Phylogenetic analysis of 83 plastid genes further resolves the early diversification of eudicotsMoore, M.J.; Soltis, P.S.; Bell, C.D.; Burleigh, J.G.; Soltis, D.E. · 2010
  417. A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogenyLegume Phylogeny Working Group · 2017
  418. The stromatoporoid animalStearn, C.W. · 1975
  419. Molecular phylogenetic evaluation of classification and scenarios of character evolution in calcareous sponges (Porifera, Class Calcarea)Voigt, O.; Wülfing, E.; Wörheide, G. · 2012
  420. No longer Demospongiae: Homoscleromorpha formal nomination as a fourth class of PoriferaGazave, E.; Lapébie, P.; Ereskovsky, A.V.; et al. · 2012
  421. Morphological variation and homoplasy: the challenge of Paleozoic coral systematicsWebb, G.E. · 1996
  422. Relationships between internal and external morphology in Paleofavosites (Tabulata): the unity of growth and growth formYoung, G.A.; Elias, R.J. · 1999
  423. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) based on mitochondrial protein-coding sequencesMcFadden, C.S.; France, S.C.; Sánchez, J.A.; Alderslade, P. · 2006
  424. The phylum Cnidaria: a review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after LinnaeusDaly, M.; Brugler, M.R.; Cartwright, P.; et al. · 2007
  425. Phylogenomics provides a robust topology of the major cnidarian lineages and insights on the origins of key organismal traitsKayal, E.; Bentlage, B.; Pankey, M.S.; et al. · 2018
  426. Character evolution in Hydrozoa (phylum Cnidaria)Cartwright, P.; Nawrocki, A.M. · 2010
  427. Systematics of stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa)Miranda, L.S.; Hirano, Y.M.; Mills, C.E.; et al. · 2016
  428. Evolution of box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa), a group of highly toxic invertebratesBentlage, B.; Cartwright, P.; Yanagihara, A.A.; et al. · 2010
  429. Evolutionary relationships among scyphozoan jellyfish families based on complete taxon sampling and phylogenetic analyses of 18S and 28S ribosomal DNABayha, K.M.; Dawson, M.N.; Collins, A.G.; Barbeitos, M.S.; Haddock, S.H.D. · 2010
  430. A supra-ordinal classification of the BrachiopodaWilliams, A.; Carlson, S.J.; Brunton, C.H.C.; Holmer, L.E.; Popov, L. · 1996
  431. A revised classification of the spiriferid brachiopodsCarter, J.L.; Johnson, J.G.; Gourvennec, R.; Hou, H.-F. · 1994
  432. Testing Species Assignments in Extant Terebratulide Brachiopods: A Three-dimensional Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Long-Looped BrachidiaLópez Carranza, N.; Carlson, S.J. · 2019
  433. A new cladistic insight on comparative anatomy and phylogeny of rudists (Bivalvia, Hippuritida)Rineau, V.; Masse, J.-P.; Villier, L. · 2020
  434. Phylogenetic analysis of the subclass Pteriomorphia (Bivalvia) from mtDNA COI sequencesMatsumoto, M. · 2003
  435. Phylogenomic analyses of deep gastropod relationships reject OrthogastropodaZapata, F.; Wilson, N.G.; Howison, M.; et al. · 2014
  436. A multi-gene phylogeny of Cephalopoda supports convergent morphological evolution in association with multiple habitat shifts in the marine environmentLindgren, A.R.; Pankey, M.S.; Hochberg, F.G.; Oakley, T.H. · 2012
  437. Allonautilus: a new genus of living nautiloid cephalopod and its bearing on phylogeny of the NautilidaWard, P.D.; Saunders, W.B. · 1997
  438. Ammonoids across the Permian/Triassic boundary: a cladistic perspectiveMcGowan, A.J.; Smith, A.B. · 2007
  439. The Lazarus ammonoid family Goniatitidae, the tetrangularly coiled Entogonitidae, and Mississippian biogeographyKorn, D.; Klug, C.; Mapes, R.H. · 2005
  440. Origin of the Ceratitida (Ammonoidea) inferred from the early internal shell featuresShigeta, Y.; Zakharov, Y.D.; Mapes, R.H. · 2001
  441. The phylogeny of Hildoceratidae (Cephalopoda, Ammonitida) resolved by an integrated coding scheme of the conchBardin, J.; Rouget, I.; Cecca, F. · 2017
  442. Molecular clocks indicate turnover and diversification of modern coleoid cephalopods during the Mesozoic Marine RevolutionTanner, A.R.; Fuchs, D.; Winkelmann, I.E.; et al. · 2017
  443. Bayesian inference reveals a complex evolutionary history of belemnitesStevens, K.; Pohle, A.; Hoffmann, R.; Immenhauser, A. · 2023
  444. A mitogenomic phylogeny of chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora)Irisarri, I.; Uribe, J.E.; Eernisse, D.J.; Zardoya, R. · 2020
  445. Phylogenomics of Aplacophora (Mollusca, Aculifera) and a solenogaster without a footKocot, K.M.; Todt, C.; Mikkelsen, N.T.; Halanych, K.M. · 2019
  446. Early jawless vertebrates and cyclostome originsJanvier, P. · 2008
  447. Molecular Dating of the Teleost Whole Genome Duplication (3R) Is Compatible With the Expectations of Delayed RediploidizationQi, M.; Clark, J.; Moody, E.R.R.; Pisani, D.; Donoghue, P.C.J. · 2024
  448. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis reveals the pattern and tempo of bony fish evolutionBroughton, R.E.; Betancur-R, R.; Li, C.; Arratia, G.; Ortí, G. · 2013
  449. Conodonts: Past, present, futureSweet, W.C.; Donoghue, P.C.J. · 2001
  450. Origins and relationships of Paleozoic coral groups and the origin of the ScleractiniaOliver, W.A., Jr. · 1996
  451. Stromatoporoids and extinctions: A reviewKershaw, S.; Jeon, J. · 2024
  452. Diversification of early fernsGaltier, J.; Scott, A.C. · 1985
  453. An araucarian conifer bract-scale complex from the Lower Jurassic of Massachusetts: implications for estimating phylogenetic/stratigraphic congruence in the AraucariaceaeAxsmith, B.J.; Escapa, I.H.; Huber, P. · 2008
  454. Dinosaur coprolites and the early evolution of grasses and grazersPrasad, V.; Strömberg, C.A.E.; Alimohammadian, H.; Sahni, A. · 2005
  455. Exceptional continental record of biotic recovery after the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinctionLyson, T.R.; Miller, I.M.; Bercovici, A.D.; Weissenburger, K.; Fuentes, A.J.; Clyde, W.C.; Hagadorn, J.W.; Butrim, M.J.; Johnson, K.R.; Fleming, R.F.; et al. · 2019
  456. The origin of the legumes is a complex paleopolyploid phylogenomic tangle closely associated with the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) mass extinction eventKoenen, E.J.M.; Ojeda, D.I.; Bakker, F.T.; Wieringa, J.J.; Kidner, C.; Hardy, O.J.; Pennington, R.T.; Herendeen, P.S.; Bruneau, A.; Hughes, C.E. · 2021
  457. Early Ordovician sea scorpions from Morocco suggest Cambrian origins and main diversification of EurypteridaVan Roy, P.; Richards, M.A.; Ortega-Hernández, J. · 2025
  458. Distribution and dispersal history of Eurypterida (Chelicerata)Tetlie, O.E. · 2007
  459. Zygoptera systematics: past, present, and futureSutherland, K.K.; Carter, B.E.; Abbott, J.C.; et al. · 2025
  460. Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) as a bridge between ecology and evolutionary genomicsBybee, S.; Córdoba-Aguilar, A.; Duryea, M.C.; et al. · 2016
  461. Induced Power Scaling Alone Cannot Explain Griffenfly GigantismEllers, O.; Gordon, B.; Hukill, A.; et al. · 2024
  462. Revision of Permo-Carboniferous griffenflies based upon new species and redescription of selected poorly known taxa from EurasiaNel, A.; Fleck, G.; Garrouste, R.; et al. · 2009
  463. Early evolution of beetles regulated by the end-Permian deforestationZhao, X.; Yu, Y.; Clapham, M.E.; et al. · 2021
  464. Evolving perspectives in Hymenoptera systematics: Bridging fossils and genomes across timeZhang, Y.M.; Bossert, S.; Spasojevic, T. · 2025
  465. Exceptionally Preserved 450-Million-Year-Old Ordovician Ostracods with Brood CareSiveter, D.J.; Tanaka, G.; Farrell, Ú.C.; et al. · 2014
  466. Early Evolution of Phyllocarid Arthropods: Phylogeny and Systematics of Cambrian-Devonian ArchaeostracansCollette, J.H.; Hagadorn, J.W. · 2010
  467. The evolutionary history of Stomatopoda inferred from molecular dataVan Der Wal, C.; Ahyong, S.T.; Ho, S.Y.W.; Lo, N. · 2017
  468. The Global Fossil Record of ChilopodaCadenas-Amaya, O.; Riquelme, F.; Hernández-Patricio, M.; Cupul-Magaña, F.G. · 2025
  469. Reconciling Divergent Ages for the Oldest Recorded Air-Breathing Land AnimalBrookfield, M.E.; Catlos, E.J.; Garza, H. · 2025
  470. The Silurian-Devonian fossil record of the MyriapodaAlmond, J.E.; Lawson, J.D. · 1985
  471. A Larval Sea Spider from the Upper Cambrian Orsten of Sweden, and the Phylogenetic Position of PycnogonidsWaloszek, D.; Dunlop, J.A. · 2002
  472. New insights into the Devonian sea spiders of the Hunsrück SlateSabroux, R.; Garwood, R.J.; Pisani, D.; Donoghue, P.C.J.; Edgecombe, G.D. · 2024
  473. Fossil spidersSelden, P.A.; Penney, D. · 2010
  474. Almost a spider: a 305-million-year-old fossil arachnid and spider originsGarwood, R.J.; Dunlop, J.A.; Selden, P.A.; et al. · 2016
  475. Evolutionary trends in Triceratops from the Hell Creek Formation, MontanaScannella, J.B.; Fowler, D.W.; Goodwin, M.B.; Horner, J.R. · 2014
  476. Mites as fossils: forever small?Sidorchuk, E.A. · 2018
  477. Aglaophyton major, a non-vascular land-plant from the Devonian Rhynie ChertEdwards, D.S. · 1986
  478. Transfer cells in Horneophyton lignieri illuminate the origin of vascular tissues in land plantsKenrick, P.; Long, E.J. · 2026
  479. A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implicationsParry, S.F.; Noble, S.R.; Crowley, Q.G.; Wellman, C.H. · 2011
  480. Galeaspid anatomy and the origin of vertebrate paired appendagesGai, Z.; Li, Q.; Ferrón, H.G.; Keating, J.N.; Wang, J.; Donoghue, P.C.J.; Zhu, M. · 2022
  481. Broad snouted cladoselachian with sensory specialization at the base of modern chondrichthyansKlug, C.; Coates, M.I.; Frey, L.; Greif, M.; Jobbins, M.; Pohle, A.; Lagnaoui, A.; Haouz, W.B.; Ginter, M. · 2023
  482. A new operculate symmoriiform chondrichthyan from the Late Mississippian Fayetteville Shale (Arkansas, United States)Bronson, A.W.; Pradel, A.; Denton, J.S.S.; Maisey, J.G. · 2024
  483. A complete insect from the Late Devonian periodGarrouste, R.; Clément, G.; Nel, P.; Engel, M.S.; Grandcolas, P.; D'Haese, C.; Lagebro, L.; Denayer, J.; Gueriau, P.; Lafaite, P.; Olive, S.; Prestianni, C.; Nel, A. · 2012
  484. Is Strudiella a Devonian insect?Hörnschemeyer, T.; Haug, J.T.; Béthoux, O.; Beutel, R.G.; Charbonnier, S.; Hegna, T.A.; Koch, M.; Rust, J.; Wedmann, S.; Bradler, S.; Willmann, R. · 2013
  485. Under cover at pre-angiosperm times: A cloaked phasmatodean insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biotaWang, M.; Béthoux, O.; Bradler, S.; Jacques, F.M.B.; Cui, Y.; Ren, D. · 2014
  486. Saxonagrion minutus nov. gen. et sp., the oldest damselfly from the Upper Permian of France (Odonatoptera, Panodonata, Saxonagrionidae nov. fam.)Nel, A.; Fleck, G.; Béthoux, O.; Gand, G.; Lapeyrie, J.; Garric, J. · 1999